KÜRESEL SALGIN DÖNEMİNDE DEĞİŞEN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARI

Öz

Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri (STZ) kapsamında COVID-19 küresel salgınına kadarki dönemde döngüsel ekonomi, yeşil tedarik zinciri, tersine akış, kapalı-döngü gibi kavramlar, modeller ve uygulamalar literatürde geniş yer alırken, pandemi döneminde STZ çalışmalarının odağına tedarik zinciri risk yönetimi, beklenmedik durum planlama, aksama ve kesinti yönetimi oturmuştur. Tedarik zincirlerinin çevre bilinci ile doğa ve gelecek dostu bir şekilde sürdürülebilirliğinden ziyade, tedarik ağlarının en az zararla “sürdürülebilmesi” söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, çeşitli araştırma soruları belirleyerek sistematik yayın taraması yoluyla küresel salgın döneminde yayınlanan STZ çalışmalarından anlamlı sonuçlar çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Döneme özgü STZ araştırmalarının kullandıkları yöntemlerin ve bulguların sistematik kaydı sayesinde bu zor zamanların aşılmasında faydalanılabilecek çözüm önerileri tespit edilmiş, kullanılabilecek araçlar listelenmiş, örnek teşkil edebilecek stratejiler ve uygulamalar netleştirilmiştir. Böylelikle hem kavramsal anlamda literatürün güncel seyrinin ortaya konması açısından katkı sağlanmış, hem de sektör yetkililerine pratikte kullanabilecekleri çözüm önerileri listelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri
• Tedarik Zinciri Risk Yönetimi
• Sistematik Yayın Taraması

THE CHANGING SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DURING THE PANDEMICS PERIOD

Öz

While the concepts, models and practices in the period up to the COVID-19 global outbreak within the scope of sustainable supply chain (SSC) are circular economy, green supply chain, reverse flow, closed-loop, etc., the focus of SSC studies during the pandemic period shifted to supply chain risk management, contingency planning, disruption and interruption management. Rather than sustainability of supply chains in an environmentally conscious and nature-friendly way, the pandemics have changed the scenario to "sustain" supply networks with minimal damage. Hence, this study aims to draw meaningful outcıomes from SSC studies published during the global outbreak period through a systematic review by identifying various research questions. The systematic review of the methods and findings of the period-specific SSC studies addresses the solutions that can overcome these difficulties, tools that can be used, and exemplary strategies and practices. Thus, a contribution has been made in terms of revealing the current course of the literature in a conceptual sense, and solution proposals that can be used in practice are listed for the sector representatives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Supply Chain
• Supply Chain Risk Management
• Systematic Review

Kaynakça

1. Acioli, C., Scavarda, A., & Reis, A. (2021). Applying Industry 4.0 technologies in the COVID–19 sustainable chains. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2020-0137
2. Baena, B., Cobian, C., Larios, V. M., Orizaga, J. A., Maciel, R., Cisneros, M. P., & Beltran-Ramirez, J. R. (2020). Adapting food supply chains in Smart Cities to address the impacts of COVID19 a case study from Guadalajara metropolitan area. 2020 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC251055.2020.9239076
3. Bhattacharyya, S. S., & Thakre, S. (2021). Coronavirus pandemic and economic lockdown; study of strategic initiatives and tactical responses of firms. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2020-2198
4. Borsellino, V., Kaliji, S. A., & Schimmenti, E. (2020). COVID-19 Drives Consumer Behaviour and Agro-Food Markets towards Healthier and More Sustainable Patterns. Sustainability, 12(20), 8366. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208366
5. Busse, C. (2016). Doing well by doing good? The selfinterest of buying firms and sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 52, 28–47.
6. Cachon, G. (2003). Supply chain coordination with contracts. InA. G. de Kok, & S. Graves (Eds.), Handbooks in operations research and management science. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
7. Cavallo, C., Sacchi, G., & Carfora, V. (2020). Resilience effects in food consumption behaviour at the time of Covid-19: perspectives from Italy. Heliyon, 6(12), e05676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05676
8. Chiaramonti, D., & Maniatis, K. (2020). Security of supply, strategic storage and Covid19: Which lessons learnt for renewable and recycled carbon fuels, and their future role in decarbonizing transport? Applied Energy, 271, 115216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115216

9. Chiffoleau, Y., & Dourian, T. (2020). Sustainable Food Supply Chains: Is Shortening the Answer? A Literature Review for a Research and Innovation Agenda. Sustainability, 12(23), 9831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239831
10. Cohen, M. A., & Lee, H. L. (1988). Strategic analysis of integrated production-distribution systems: Models and methods. Operations Research, 36, 216–228.
11. Dente, S. M. R., & Hashimoto, S. (2020). COVID-19: A pandemic with positive and negative outcomes on resource and waste flows and stocks. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 161, 104979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104979
12. Farcas, A. C., Galanakis, C. M., Socaciu, C., Pop, O. L., Tibulca, D., Paucean, A., Jimborean, M. A., Fogarasi, M., Salanta, L. C., Tofana, M., & Socaci, S. A. (2021). Food Security during the Pandemic and the Importance of the Bioeconomy in the New Era. Sustainability, 13(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010150
13. Francis, J. R. (2020). COVID-19: Implications for Supply Chain Management. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 37(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/HAP.0000000000000092
14. Galanakis, C. M., Rizou, M., Aldawoud, T. M. S., Ucak, I., & Rowan, N. J. (2021). Innovations and technology disruptions in the food sector within the COVID-19 pandemic and post-lockdown era. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 110, 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.002
15. Han, Y., Goetz, S. J., & Schmidt, C. (2021). Visualizing Spatial Economic Supply Chains to Enhance Sustainability and Resilience. Sustainability, 13(3), 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031512
16. Ibn-Mohammed, T., Mustapha, K. B., Godsell, J., Adamu, Z., Babatunde, K. A., Akintade, D. D., Acquaye, A., Fujii, H., Ndiaye, M. M., Yamoah, F. A., & Koh, S. C. L. (2021). A critical analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and ecosystems and opportunities for circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169
17. İnfoloji (2019). Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Nedir ve Neden Önemlidir? Erişim 24 Mart 2021. https://infoloji.com/kurumsal-surdurulebilirlik-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir/.
18. Karmaker, C. L., Ahmed, T., Ahmed, S., Ali, S. M., Moktadir, M. A., & Kabir, G. (2021). Improving supply chain sustainability in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging economy: Exploring drivers using an integrated model. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 26, 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.09.019
19. Khan, M. M., Akram, M. T., Janke, R., Qadri, R. W. K., Al-Sadi, A. M., & Farooque, A. A. (2020). Urban Horticulture for Food Secure Cities through and beyond COVID-19. Sustainability, 12(22), 9592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229592
20. Končar, J., Grubor, A., Marić, R., Vučenović, S., & Vukmirović, G. (2020). Setbacks to IoT Implementation in the Function of FMCG Supply Chain Sustainability during COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 12(18), 7391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187391
21. Kumar, A., Mangla, S. K., Kumar, P., & Song, M. (2021). Mitigate risks in perishable food supply chains: Learning from COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120643
22. Lahane, S., & Kant, R. (2021). Evaluation and ranking of solutions to mitigate circular supply chain risks. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 753-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.01.034
23. Li, C. Z., Chen, Z., Xue, F., Kong, X. T. R., Xiao, B., Lai, X., & Zhao, Y. (2021). A blockchain- and IoT-based smart product-service system for the sustainability of prefabricated housing construction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 286. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125391
24. López Santos, Y., Sánchez-Partida, D., & Cano-Olivos, P. (t.y.). Strategic Model to Assess the Sustainability and Competitiveness of Focal Agri-Food Smes and their Supply Chains: A Vision Beyond COVID 19. ASTES Journal. Geliş tarihi 24 Mart 2021, gönderen https://astesj.com/v05/i05/p147/
25. Majumdar, A., Shaw, M., & Sinha, S. K. (2020). COVID-19 debunks the myth of socially sustainable supply chain: A case of the clothing industry in South Asian countries. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 24, 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.001
26. Manhart, P., Summers, J. K., & Blackhurst, J. (2020). A meta-analytic review of supply chain risk management: Assessing buffering and bridging strategies and firm performance. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 56, 66–87.
27. Metwally, A. B. M., Ali, S. A. M., & Mohamed, A. T. I. (2020). Resilience and Agility as Indispensable Conditions for Sustaining Viable Supply Chain During Pandemics: The Case of Bahrain. 2020 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry: Way Towards a Sustainable Economy (ICDABI), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDABI51230.2020.9325609
28. Meunier, S. (2018). Blockchain 101: What is Blockchain and How Does This Revolutionary Technology Work?. What is Blockchain and How Does This Revolutionary Technology Work? Içinde Transforming Climate Finance and Green Investment with Blockchains (ss. 23-34). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814447-3.00003-3
29. Mishra, A., Bruno, E., & Zilberman, D. (2021). Compound natural and human disasters: Managing drought and COVID-19 to sustain global agriculture and food sectors. Science of The Total Environment, 754, 142210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142210
30. Nandi, S., Sarkis, J., Hervani, A. A., & Helms, M. M. (2021). Redesigning Supply Chains using Blockchain-Enabled Circular Economy and COVID-19 Experiences. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 10-22. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.019
31. Nordhagen, S., Igbeka, U., Rowlands, H., Shine, R. S., Heneghan, E., & Tench, J. (2021). COVID-19 and small enterprises in the food supply chain: Early impacts and implications for longer-term food system resilience in low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 141, 105405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105405
32. Norwood, F. B., & Peel, D. (2021). Supply Chain Mapping to Prepare for Future Pandemics. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 412-429. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13125
33. Oh, S., Moon, H. C., & Zhong, Y. (2020). Contingency Management and Supply Chain Performance in Korea: A COVID-19 Pandemic Approach. Sustainability, 12(23), 9823. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239823
34. Oldekop, J. A., Horner, R., Hulme, D., Adhikari, R., Agarwal, B., Alford, M., Bakewell, O., Banks, N., Barrientos, S., Bastia, T., Bebbington, A. J., Das, U., Dimova, R., Duncombe, R., Enns, C., Fielding, D., Foster, C., Foster, T., Frederiksen, T., … Zhang, Y.-F. (2020). COVID-19 and the case for global development. World Development, 134, 105044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105044
35. Parashar, N., & Hait, S. (2021). Plastics in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Protector or polluter? Science of The Total Environment, 759, 144274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144274
36. Plug and Play Tech Center (2021). The Importance of Corporate Sustainability. Erişim 24 Mart 2021. https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com/resources/corporate-sustainability/.
37. Rahman, S. M. M., Kim, J., & Laratte, B. (2021). Disruption in Circularity? Impact analysis of COVID-19 on ship recycling using Weibull tonnage estimation and scenario analysis method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105139
38. Rowan, N. J., & Galanakis, C. M. (2020a). Unlocking challenges and opportunities presented by COVID-19 pandemic for cross-cutting disruption in agri-food and green deal innovations: Quo Vadis? Science of The Total Environment, 748, 141362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141362
39. Rowan, N. J., & Laffey, J. G. (2021b). Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management. Science of The Total Environment, 752, 142259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259
40. Sarkis, J. (2020). Supply chain sustainability: learning from the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 41(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-08-2020-0568
41. Schaltegger, S. (2020). Sustainability learnings from the COVID-19 crisis. Opportunities for resilient industry and business development. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2020-0296
42. Sharma, A., Adhikary, A., & Borah, S. B. (2020). Covid-19′s impact on supply chain decisions: Strategic insights from NASDAQ 100 firms using Twitter data. Journal of Business Research, 117, 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.035
43. Sharma, M., Luthra, S., Joshi, S., & Kumar, A. (2020). Developing a framework for enhancing survivability of sustainable supply chains during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 0(0), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2020.1810213
44. Sigmacenter (2020). Sürdürülebilir Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi Nedir? Erişim, 24 Mart 2021. https://sigmacenter.com.tr/surdurulebilir-tedarik-zinciri-yonetimi-nedir/
45. Singh, S. N., Venkatesh, V. S. S., & Deoghare, A. B. (2021). A review on the role of 3D printing in the fight against COVID-19: safety and challenges. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 27(2), 407-420. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2020-0198
46. Sodhi, M. S., & Tang, C. S. (2021). Supply Chain Management for Extreme Conditions: Research Opportunities. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 57(1), 7-16. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12255
47. Tang, C. S. (2006). Perspectives in supply chain risk management. International Journal of Production Economics, 103, 451–488.
48. Taqi, H. M. M., Ahmed, H. N., Paul, S., Garshasbi, M., Ali, S. M., Kabir, G., & Paul, S. K. (2020). Strategies to Manage the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Supply Chain: Implications for Improving Economic and Social Sustainability. Sustainability, 12(22), 9483. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229483
49. Telukdarie, A., Munsamy, M., & Mohlala, P. (2020). Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Food and Beverages Manufacturing Sector. Sustainability, 12(22), 9331. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229331
50. Thulasiraman, V., Nandagopal, M. S. G., & Kothakota, A. (2021). Need for a balance between short food supply chains and integrated food processing sectors: COVID-19 takeaways from India. Journal of Food Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04942-0
51. Trivellas, P., Malindretos, G., & Reklitis, P. (2020). Implications of Green Logistics Management on Sustainable Business and Supply Chain Performance: Evidence from a Survey in the Greek Agri-Food Sector. Sustainability, 12(24), 10515. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410515
52. Tseng, M.-L., Tan, P. A., Wu, K.-J., Lin, R. C.-W., Todumrongkul, N., Juladacha, P., & Christianti, G. (2020). Sustainable Total Resource Management in Thailand Healthcare Industry under Uncertain Situations. Sustainability, 12(22), 9611. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229611
53. Yadav, S., Luthra, S., & Garg, D. (2021). Modelling Internet of things (IoT)-driven global sustainability in multi-tier agri-food supply chain under natural epidemic outbreaks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(13), 16633-16654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11676-1
54. Zhang, F., Wu, X., Tang, C. S., Feng, T., & Dai, Y. (2020). Evolution of Operations Management Research: from Managing Flows to Building Capabilities. Production and Operations Management, 29(10), 2219-2229. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13231