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عقود الخيارات من منظور إسلامي

Yıl 2022, , 533 - 565, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.33.1.1141122

Öz

تعد عقود الخيارات من أهم أدوات المشتقات المالية، حيث فتحت المجال أمام المستثمرين للتحوط ضد المخاطر في ظل بيئة تتسم بالمخاطر وعدم اليقين، فضلا عن تمكينهم من المضاربة اعتمادا على الرفع المالي. وفي المقابل فإن هناك من يرى أن عقود الخيارات تحولت من عقود كانت أصلا في نفسها خطرا، إلى عقود للتحوط ضد المخاطر، ولكنها في حقيقتها ما زالت الخطر ذاته، فهي ليست إلا أدوات مقامرة للاتجار في المخاطر، حيث يتم بيعها وشرائها من خلال نقلها ممن يتحوطون منها إلى من يقبلون عليها طلبا لثمن انتقال المخاطرة إليهم.
وفي ظل توجه العديد من الدول العربية لاسيما الخليجية نحو تطبيق عقود الخيارات في أسواقها المالية، ومحاولة صبغ معاملاتها بالصبغة الشرعية، تأتي هذه الدراسة للوقوف على حكم تلك العقود من منظور الاقتصاد الإسلامي.
وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهجين الاستقرائي والاستنباطي، وتناولت مفهوم عقود الخيارات، ونشأنها وتطورها، وأنواعها، وسماتها، والمنظور الإسلامي لها، وقد انتهت الدراسة إلى عدم الجواز الشرعي لعقود الخيارات، ووضعت بدائل اقتصادية إسلامية لها، للتحوط من مخاطر التغيرات السعرية، من خلال بيع العربون، والخيار الشرعي، والوعد الملزم، مع عدم تداولها.

Kaynakça

  • 2-Ibn Anas, Mālik, Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrá, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1994m.
  • 3-Ibn Taymīyah, Al-Fatāwá al-Kubrá, Dār al-Ghad al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-thālithah, 1991m.
  • 4-Ibn ʻĀbidīn : Muḥammad Amīn, Ḥāshiyat radd al-muḥtār ʻalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār sharḥ Tanwīr al-abṣār, Dār al-Fikr, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-thāniyah, 1386h.
  • 5-Ibn Qudāmah : ʻAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad, Al-Mughnī, Maktabat al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1968m.
  • 6-Ibn al-Ḥājib, ʻUthmān ibn ʻUmar, Jāmiʻ Al-ummahāt, Dār al-Yamāmah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1998M.
  • 7-Ibn al-Qayyim, Iʻlām al-muwaqqiʻīn ʻan Rabb al-ʻālamīn, Maktabat al-Kullīyāt al-Azharīyah, Ḥusnī Muḥammad Imbābī al-Minyāwī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 8-Abū Zahrah : Muḥammad, Al-Malakīyah wa-naẓarīyat al-ʻIqd fī al-sharīʻah al-Islāmīyah, Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 9-Al-Bājūrī : Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad, Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʻalá Ibn Qāsim al-Ghazzī ʻalá matn Abī Shujāʻ, Dār al-Minhāj, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2016m.
  • 10-Awnawar : Ibrāhīm Aḥmad, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt wa-idārat al-makhāṭir fī Aswāq al-silaʻ "baḥth manshūr bi-Kullīyat al-Dirāsāt al-Idārīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kharṭūm bi-al-Sūdān, 2011M.
  • 11-Albārʻy, al-Zaylaʻī : ʻUthmān ibn ʻAlī ibn Miḥjan, Fakhr al-Dīn, tbbyn al-ḥaqāʼiq sharḥ Kanz al-daqāʼiq wa-ḥāshiyat al-Shalabī, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1313h.
  • 12-Al-Baghawī : al-Ḥusayn ibn Masʻūd, Al-Tahdhīb fī fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʻī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1997m.
  • 13-Albyjrmy : Sulaymān, Ḥāshiyat albyjrmy ʻalá sharḥ al-manhaj, Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, al-Qāhirah, 1345h.
  • 14-Al-ʻĀṣimī : ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim, Ḥāshiyat al-Rawḍ al-murbiʻ sharḥ Zād al-Mustanqaʻ, bi-dūn Nāshir, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1397h.
  • 15-Al-Buhūtī : Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad, Kashshāf al-qināʻ ʻan matn al-Iqnāʻ, dārālfkr, Bayrūt, 1403h.
  • 16-Al-Tirmidhī : Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Bayrūt, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 17-Al-Shirbīnī : al-Khaṭīb Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Mughnī al-muḥtāj, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1355h.
  • 18-Al-ʻAjamī : Azwh Fahhād, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt fī al-aswāq al-mālīyah wa-aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Risālat mājistīr ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 2018m
  • 19-Ālqrh Dāghī : D. ʻAlá, Ḥaqībat al-Duktūr ʻalá al-Qarah Dāghī al-iqtiṣādīyah, al-Kitāb al-rābiʻ : Buḥūth fī al-iqtiṣād al-Islāmī, Sharikat Dār al-Bashāʼir al-Islāmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 20-Al-maʻāyīr al-sharʻīyah, Hayʼat al-muḥāsabah wa-al-murājaʻah lil-muʼassasāt al-mālīyah al-Islāmīyah, al-Baḥrayn, 2016m.
  • 21-Mawwāq : Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, Al-Tāj wa-al-iklīl sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, al-Qāhirah, 1329h.
  • 22-al-Mawsūʻah al-fiqhīyah, Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Kuwayt, 1409h.
  • 23-al-Nawawī : Yaḥyá ibn Sharaf, Rawḍat al-ṭālibīn, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, al-Qāhirah, 1985m.
  • 24-Al-humām : Kamāl al-Dīn, Fatḥ al-qadīr, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1316h.
  • 25-Al-Handasah al-mālīyah, Maṭbūʻāt Ittiḥād al-maṣārif al-ʻArabīyah, 1996m.
  • 26-Raḍwān : D. Samīr ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, Al-Mushtaqqāt al-mālīyah, Dār al-Nashr lil-Jāmiʻāt, al-Qāhirah, 2005m.
  • 27-Sābiq : Sayyid, Fiqh al-Sunnah, Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-rābiʻah, 1983m.
  • 28-Shalabī : D. Muḥammad Muṣṭafá, Al-Madkhal fī al-taʻrīf bi-al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa-qawāʻid al-Malakīyah wa-al-ʻUqūd fīhi, Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, Bayrūt, 1981M.
  • 29-Qarārāt al-Majmaʻ al-fiqhī li-Rābiṭat al-ʻālam al-Islāmī, min dawratihi al-ūlá 1398h ilá dawratihi al-sābiʻah ʻashar, 1424h, Makkah al-Mukarramah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 30-Qarārāt wa-tawṣiyāt Majmaʻ al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Munaẓẓamat al-Taʻāwun al-Islāmī, al-Dawrāt 2-21, al-qarārāt 1-238, Maṭbūʻāt al-Majmaʻ, Jiddah, 2019m.
  • 31-krtzmn : jwyl, Mawt al-nuqūd, tarjamat D. Muḥammad al-ʻUṣaymī, Dār al-Maymān lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, al-Riyāḍ, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 32-Hindī : Munīr Ibrāhīm, Idārat al-makhāṭir, al-juzʼ al-thālith, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 2006m.
  • 33------------, Asāsīyāt al-istithmār fī al-awrāq al-mālīyah, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 1999M.
  • 1- A. Tucker, Financial Futures Option and Swap, Minn.: West Publishing Company,1990.
  • 2- Benton E. Gub, Robert Brooks, Interest Rate Risk Management: The Banker's Guide to Using Futures, Options, Swaps and Other Derivative Instruments Hardcover – March 1, 1993.
  • 3-Don M. Chance, Options and Futures, Published by The Dryden press Harcourt Brace Jovanovich college publishers.
  • 4-Edward Chancellor, Devil take the Hindmost, a History of Financial Speculation, Publisahed by Farar, Staraus, Giroux, 1999.
  • 5-R. Jonson And C. Giaccotto, Options, and futures: Concepts, strategies and applications. Minn. Wesr Publishing company, 2004.

İslam Hukuku Açısından Opsiyon Sözleşmeleri

Yıl 2022, , 533 - 565, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.33.1.1141122

Öz

Opsiyon sözleşmeleri, yatırımcıların risk ve belirsizliğin hakim olduğu bir ortamda risklere karşı korunmalarını sağlayan en önemli finansal türev araçlarından biridir. Ayrıca bu sözleşmeler kaldırca dayalı spekülatif tutumlara da yol açmaktadır. Öte yandan, bu sözleşmelerin risklere karşı korunmayı sağlayan sözleşmelere, asli itibariyle riskli sözleşmelerden geçildiği söylenmektedir. Ancak realitede, bahsi geçen riskler sözleşmenin özünde halen mevcut konumundadırlar. Buna binaen, bunlar riske dayalı kumar araçlarından başka birşey değildir. Zira bunlar tedbirli davranan kişiler ile risk ücretini ödemeyi kabul edenler tarafından alınıp satılmaktadır. Başta Körfez ülkeleri olmak üzere birçok Arap ülkesinin finansal piyasalarında opsiyon sözleşmelerinin uygulanmasına yönelik eğilimi ve işlemlerine şerî yasal bir nitelik kazandırma çabaları ışığında, bu çalışma, bahsi geçen sözleşmelerin hükmünü İslam iktisadı açısından değerlendirmektedir. Bu çalışma tümevarım ve tümdengelim olmak üzere iki metoda dayanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, opsiyon sözleşmeleri kavramını, kökenleri ve gelişimlerini, türlerini, özelliklerini ve İslami bakış açısını ele almıştır. Neticede, bu çalışma, opsiyon sözleşmelerinin şerî açıdan caiz olmadığı sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Buna mukabil, fiyat istikrarsızlığın risklerine karşı korunmak için İslam iktisadı açısından, kaporalı satış, şerî opsiyon ve bağlayıcı vaad olmak üzere birtakım alternatifler sunulmuştur. Böylece opsiyon sözleşmelerinin alınıp satılmasına gerek kalmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 2-Ibn Anas, Mālik, Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrá, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1994m.
  • 3-Ibn Taymīyah, Al-Fatāwá al-Kubrá, Dār al-Ghad al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-thālithah, 1991m.
  • 4-Ibn ʻĀbidīn : Muḥammad Amīn, Ḥāshiyat radd al-muḥtār ʻalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār sharḥ Tanwīr al-abṣār, Dār al-Fikr, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-thāniyah, 1386h.
  • 5-Ibn Qudāmah : ʻAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad, Al-Mughnī, Maktabat al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1968m.
  • 6-Ibn al-Ḥājib, ʻUthmān ibn ʻUmar, Jāmiʻ Al-ummahāt, Dār al-Yamāmah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1998M.
  • 7-Ibn al-Qayyim, Iʻlām al-muwaqqiʻīn ʻan Rabb al-ʻālamīn, Maktabat al-Kullīyāt al-Azharīyah, Ḥusnī Muḥammad Imbābī al-Minyāwī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 8-Abū Zahrah : Muḥammad, Al-Malakīyah wa-naẓarīyat al-ʻIqd fī al-sharīʻah al-Islāmīyah, Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 9-Al-Bājūrī : Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad, Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʻalá Ibn Qāsim al-Ghazzī ʻalá matn Abī Shujāʻ, Dār al-Minhāj, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2016m.
  • 10-Awnawar : Ibrāhīm Aḥmad, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt wa-idārat al-makhāṭir fī Aswāq al-silaʻ "baḥth manshūr bi-Kullīyat al-Dirāsāt al-Idārīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kharṭūm bi-al-Sūdān, 2011M.
  • 11-Albārʻy, al-Zaylaʻī : ʻUthmān ibn ʻAlī ibn Miḥjan, Fakhr al-Dīn, tbbyn al-ḥaqāʼiq sharḥ Kanz al-daqāʼiq wa-ḥāshiyat al-Shalabī, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1313h.
  • 12-Al-Baghawī : al-Ḥusayn ibn Masʻūd, Al-Tahdhīb fī fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʻī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1997m.
  • 13-Albyjrmy : Sulaymān, Ḥāshiyat albyjrmy ʻalá sharḥ al-manhaj, Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, al-Qāhirah, 1345h.
  • 14-Al-ʻĀṣimī : ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim, Ḥāshiyat al-Rawḍ al-murbiʻ sharḥ Zād al-Mustanqaʻ, bi-dūn Nāshir, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1397h.
  • 15-Al-Buhūtī : Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad, Kashshāf al-qināʻ ʻan matn al-Iqnāʻ, dārālfkr, Bayrūt, 1403h.
  • 16-Al-Tirmidhī : Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Bayrūt, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 17-Al-Shirbīnī : al-Khaṭīb Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Mughnī al-muḥtāj, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1355h.
  • 18-Al-ʻAjamī : Azwh Fahhād, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt fī al-aswāq al-mālīyah wa-aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Risālat mājistīr ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 2018m
  • 19-Ālqrh Dāghī : D. ʻAlá, Ḥaqībat al-Duktūr ʻalá al-Qarah Dāghī al-iqtiṣādīyah, al-Kitāb al-rābiʻ : Buḥūth fī al-iqtiṣād al-Islāmī, Sharikat Dār al-Bashāʼir al-Islāmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 20-Al-maʻāyīr al-sharʻīyah, Hayʼat al-muḥāsabah wa-al-murājaʻah lil-muʼassasāt al-mālīyah al-Islāmīyah, al-Baḥrayn, 2016m.
  • 21-Mawwāq : Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, Al-Tāj wa-al-iklīl sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, al-Qāhirah, 1329h.
  • 22-al-Mawsūʻah al-fiqhīyah, Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Kuwayt, 1409h.
  • 23-al-Nawawī : Yaḥyá ibn Sharaf, Rawḍat al-ṭālibīn, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, al-Qāhirah, 1985m.
  • 24-Al-humām : Kamāl al-Dīn, Fatḥ al-qadīr, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1316h.
  • 25-Al-Handasah al-mālīyah, Maṭbūʻāt Ittiḥād al-maṣārif al-ʻArabīyah, 1996m.
  • 26-Raḍwān : D. Samīr ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, Al-Mushtaqqāt al-mālīyah, Dār al-Nashr lil-Jāmiʻāt, al-Qāhirah, 2005m.
  • 27-Sābiq : Sayyid, Fiqh al-Sunnah, Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-rābiʻah, 1983m.
  • 28-Shalabī : D. Muḥammad Muṣṭafá, Al-Madkhal fī al-taʻrīf bi-al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa-qawāʻid al-Malakīyah wa-al-ʻUqūd fīhi, Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, Bayrūt, 1981M.
  • 29-Qarārāt al-Majmaʻ al-fiqhī li-Rābiṭat al-ʻālam al-Islāmī, min dawratihi al-ūlá 1398h ilá dawratihi al-sābiʻah ʻashar, 1424h, Makkah al-Mukarramah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 30-Qarārāt wa-tawṣiyāt Majmaʻ al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Munaẓẓamat al-Taʻāwun al-Islāmī, al-Dawrāt 2-21, al-qarārāt 1-238, Maṭbūʻāt al-Majmaʻ, Jiddah, 2019m.
  • 31-krtzmn : jwyl, Mawt al-nuqūd, tarjamat D. Muḥammad al-ʻUṣaymī, Dār al-Maymān lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, al-Riyāḍ, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 32-Hindī : Munīr Ibrāhīm, Idārat al-makhāṭir, al-juzʼ al-thālith, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 2006m.
  • 33------------, Asāsīyāt al-istithmār fī al-awrāq al-mālīyah, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 1999M.
  • 1- A. Tucker, Financial Futures Option and Swap, Minn.: West Publishing Company,1990.
  • 2- Benton E. Gub, Robert Brooks, Interest Rate Risk Management: The Banker's Guide to Using Futures, Options, Swaps and Other Derivative Instruments Hardcover – March 1, 1993.
  • 3-Don M. Chance, Options and Futures, Published by The Dryden press Harcourt Brace Jovanovich college publishers.
  • 4-Edward Chancellor, Devil take the Hindmost, a History of Financial Speculation, Publisahed by Farar, Staraus, Giroux, 1999.
  • 5-R. Jonson And C. Giaccotto, Options, and futures: Concepts, strategies and applications. Minn. Wesr Publishing company, 2004.

Options contracts from an Islamic perspective

Yıl 2022, , 533 - 565, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.33.1.1141122

Öz

Option contracts are an essential financial derivatives tool as they have opened the way for investors to hedge against risks in an environment characterized by risk and uncertainty. Options also enable investors to speculate based on financial leverage. However, some view options contracts to have turned from being contracts that were initially a risk to contracts for hedging against risks. In reality, options are still associated with the same risk; they are nothing but gambling tools for trading in risks, as they are sold and bought by transferring them to those who accept the risk transfer. In light of many Arab countries’ tendency toward implementing options contracts in their financial markets, especially in Gulf countries, and their attempts to provide a legal character to their transactions, this study aims to determine the ruling regarding these contracts from the perspective of Islamic economics. The study relies on inductive and deductive approaches and deals with the concept of options, their origin and development, types, characteristics, and Islam’s perspective toward them. The study has concluded that option contracts are not permissible and that Islamic economic alternatives have been developed to hedge against price-change related risks by selling the deposit and the binding promise while not putting them up for trade.

Kaynakça

  • 2-Ibn Anas, Mālik, Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrá, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1994m.
  • 3-Ibn Taymīyah, Al-Fatāwá al-Kubrá, Dār al-Ghad al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-thālithah, 1991m.
  • 4-Ibn ʻĀbidīn : Muḥammad Amīn, Ḥāshiyat radd al-muḥtār ʻalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār sharḥ Tanwīr al-abṣār, Dār al-Fikr, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-thāniyah, 1386h.
  • 5-Ibn Qudāmah : ʻAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad, Al-Mughnī, Maktabat al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1968m.
  • 6-Ibn al-Ḥājib, ʻUthmān ibn ʻUmar, Jāmiʻ Al-ummahāt, Dār al-Yamāmah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1998M.
  • 7-Ibn al-Qayyim, Iʻlām al-muwaqqiʻīn ʻan Rabb al-ʻālamīn, Maktabat al-Kullīyāt al-Azharīyah, Ḥusnī Muḥammad Imbābī al-Minyāwī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 8-Abū Zahrah : Muḥammad, Al-Malakīyah wa-naẓarīyat al-ʻIqd fī al-sharīʻah al-Islāmīyah, Dār al-Fikr al-ʻArabī, al-Qāhirah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 9-Al-Bājūrī : Ibrāhīm ibn Aḥmad, Ḥāshiyat al-Bājūrī ʻalá Ibn Qāsim al-Ghazzī ʻalá matn Abī Shujāʻ, Dār al-Minhāj, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2016m.
  • 10-Awnawar : Ibrāhīm Aḥmad, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt wa-idārat al-makhāṭir fī Aswāq al-silaʻ "baḥth manshūr bi-Kullīyat al-Dirāsāt al-Idārīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kharṭūm bi-al-Sūdān, 2011M.
  • 11-Albārʻy, al-Zaylaʻī : ʻUthmān ibn ʻAlī ibn Miḥjan, Fakhr al-Dīn, tbbyn al-ḥaqāʼiq sharḥ Kanz al-daqāʼiq wa-ḥāshiyat al-Shalabī, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1313h.
  • 12-Al-Baghawī : al-Ḥusayn ibn Masʻūd, Al-Tahdhīb fī fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfiʻī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1997m.
  • 13-Albyjrmy : Sulaymān, Ḥāshiyat albyjrmy ʻalá sharḥ al-manhaj, Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, al-Qāhirah, 1345h.
  • 14-Al-ʻĀṣimī : ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim, Ḥāshiyat al-Rawḍ al-murbiʻ sharḥ Zād al-Mustanqaʻ, bi-dūn Nāshir, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1397h.
  • 15-Al-Buhūtī : Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad, Kashshāf al-qināʻ ʻan matn al-Iqnāʻ, dārālfkr, Bayrūt, 1403h.
  • 16-Al-Tirmidhī : Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī, Bayrūt, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 17-Al-Shirbīnī : al-Khaṭīb Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Mughnī al-muḥtāj, Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, Bayrūt, 1355h.
  • 18-Al-ʻAjamī : Azwh Fahhād, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt fī al-aswāq al-mālīyah wa-aḥkāmuhā fī al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Risālat mājistīr ghayr manshūrah, Kullīyat al-sharīʻah wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyah, Jāmiʻat al-Kuwayt, 2018m
  • 19-Ālqrh Dāghī : D. ʻAlá, Ḥaqībat al-Duktūr ʻalá al-Qarah Dāghī al-iqtiṣādīyah, al-Kitāb al-rābiʻ : Buḥūth fī al-iqtiṣād al-Islāmī, Sharikat Dār al-Bashāʼir al-Islāmīyah, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 20-Al-maʻāyīr al-sharʻīyah, Hayʼat al-muḥāsabah wa-al-murājaʻah lil-muʼassasāt al-mālīyah al-Islāmīyah, al-Baḥrayn, 2016m.
  • 21-Mawwāq : Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, Al-Tāj wa-al-iklīl sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Khalīl, Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, al-Qāhirah, 1329h.
  • 22-al-Mawsūʻah al-fiqhīyah, Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Kuwayt, 1409h.
  • 23-al-Nawawī : Yaḥyá ibn Sharaf, Rawḍat al-ṭālibīn, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, al-Qāhirah, 1985m.
  • 24-Al-humām : Kamāl al-Dīn, Fatḥ al-qadīr, al-Maṭbaʻah al-Kubrá al-Amīrīyah, al-Qāhirah, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 1316h.
  • 25-Al-Handasah al-mālīyah, Maṭbūʻāt Ittiḥād al-maṣārif al-ʻArabīyah, 1996m.
  • 26-Raḍwān : D. Samīr ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, Al-Mushtaqqāt al-mālīyah, Dār al-Nashr lil-Jāmiʻāt, al-Qāhirah, 2005m.
  • 27-Sābiq : Sayyid, Fiqh al-Sunnah, Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, Bayrūt, al-Ṭabʻah al-rābiʻah, 1983m.
  • 28-Shalabī : D. Muḥammad Muṣṭafá, Al-Madkhal fī al-taʻrīf bi-al-fiqh al-Islāmī wa-qawāʻid al-Malakīyah wa-al-ʻUqūd fīhi, Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, Bayrūt, 1981M.
  • 29-Qarārāt al-Majmaʻ al-fiqhī li-Rābiṭat al-ʻālam al-Islāmī, min dawratihi al-ūlá 1398h ilá dawratihi al-sābiʻah ʻashar, 1424h, Makkah al-Mukarramah, bi-dūn Tārīkh Nashr.
  • 30-Qarārāt wa-tawṣiyāt Majmaʻ al-fiqh al-Islāmī, Munaẓẓamat al-Taʻāwun al-Islāmī, al-Dawrāt 2-21, al-qarārāt 1-238, Maṭbūʻāt al-Majmaʻ, Jiddah, 2019m.
  • 31-krtzmn : jwyl, Mawt al-nuqūd, tarjamat D. Muḥammad al-ʻUṣaymī, Dār al-Maymān lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, al-Riyāḍ, al-Ṭabʻah al-ūlá, 2010m.
  • 32-Hindī : Munīr Ibrāhīm, Idārat al-makhāṭir, al-juzʼ al-thālith, ʻUqūd al-khiyārāt, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 2006m.
  • 33------------, Asāsīyāt al-istithmār fī al-awrāq al-mālīyah, Munshaʼat al-Maʻārif. al-Iskandarīyah, 1999M.
  • 1- A. Tucker, Financial Futures Option and Swap, Minn.: West Publishing Company,1990.
  • 2- Benton E. Gub, Robert Brooks, Interest Rate Risk Management: The Banker's Guide to Using Futures, Options, Swaps and Other Derivative Instruments Hardcover – March 1, 1993.
  • 3-Don M. Chance, Options and Futures, Published by The Dryden press Harcourt Brace Jovanovich college publishers.
  • 4-Edward Chancellor, Devil take the Hindmost, a History of Financial Speculation, Publisahed by Farar, Staraus, Giroux, 1999.
  • 5-R. Jonson And C. Giaccotto, Options, and futures: Concepts, strategies and applications. Minn. Wesr Publishing company, 2004.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Arapça
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ashraf Dawaba 0000-0003-2122-6618

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Dawaba, Ashraf. “عقود الخيارات من منظور إسلامي”. Darulfunun Ilahiyat 33, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 533-65. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.33.1.1141122.