Ortodoks Yahudiliğe Modern Bir Yaklaşım: Azriel Hildesheimer (1820-1899) ve Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum (Ortodoks Yahudilik Rabbani Okulu)

Öz

Aydınlanma dönemi ve ardından tecrübe edilen özgürleşme süreci, Avrupa Yahudileri için yeni bir değişim ve dönüşüm evresinin başlangıcı olmuştur. Modern dünyaya entegre olabilme amacına matuf değişim düşüncesi dini alanda da kendisini göstermiştir. 19. yüzyıl içerisinde iki karşıt kutbu temsil eden Reform Yahudiliği ile geleneksel din anlayışı arasında rabbani geleneğin temel öğretilerine bağlı kalmak kaydıyla modernite ile uyum arayışında olan yaklaşımlar da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu doğrultuda yeni bir vizyon ortaya koyan isimlerin başında Alman rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer (1820-1899) gelir. Berlin’de onun liderliğinde kurulan Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum (Ortodoks Yahudilik Rabbani Okulu), Wissenschaft des Judentums’u (Yahudilik Bilimi) temel alan ilk Ortodoks eğitim kurumu olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Kendi döneminde geleneksel kanadın yoğun eleştirisine maruz kalmış olsa da bugün Amerika’da Yeşiva Üniversitesi merkezli Ortodoks geleneğin arka planında Hildesheimer’ın etkisi önemli oranda hissedilmektedir. Geleneksel din anlayışına düşünce genişliği kazandırma girişimiyle Hildesheimer, Modern Ortodoks (Neo-Ortodoks) Yahudiliğe rengini veren birkaç kilit isimden biridir. Bu makale, Hildesheimer’ın Ortodoksiyi modernize etme düşüncesinin mahiyeti, boyutları ve etkilerini inceleyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modern Ortodoks Yahudilik
• Azriel Hildesheimer
• Entegrasyon
• Yahudilik Bilimi
• Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum
• Yahudi Birliği

Modern Approach to Orthodox Judaism: Azriel Hildesheimer (1820-1899) and Rab biner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum

Öz

The Enlightenment period and the subsequent emancipation process marked the beginning of a new phase of change and transformation for European Jews. The idea of change that is intended to be integrated with the modern world has also manifested itself in the religious field. In the 19th century, some approaches that sought harmony with modernity also emerged between Reform Judaism and the traditional religious understanding, which represented two opposite poles while adhering to the basic teachings of the rabbinic tradition. German rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer (1820-1899) is among those who put forward a new vision in this direction. Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum, founded under his leadership in Berlin, is the first Orthodox educational institution based on Wissenschaft des Judentums. Although he was subjected to intense criticism from the traditional wing during his time, Hildesheimer’s influence can be felt considerably in the context of the Orthodox tradition centred on Yeshiva University in the United States. With his attempt to provide open-mindedness to traditional religious thought, Hildesheimer was one of the few key f igures who shaped Modern Orthodox (Neo-Orthodox) Judaism. This article examines the nature, dimensions, and effects of Hildesheimer’s idea of modernising Orthodoxy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Modern Orthodox Judaism
• Azriel Hildesheimer
• Integration
• Science of Judaism
• Rabbiner-Seminar Fuer Das Orthodoxe Judentum
• Jewish Unity

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