An Overview of Islamic Dispute Resolution in the United States

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 35 , 291 - 314, 28.02.2025

Lee Ann Bambach , Yasemin Çelikhası

https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.1561956

Öz

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Islamic dispute resolution practices in the United States, addressing the intersection of U.S. secular law and Islamic legal traditions. It begins with an examination of the U.S. Muslim population and explores how constitutional guarantees of religious freedom as well as the U.S. arbitration laws and the types of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) used in the United States have enabled religious communities to establish faithbased dispute resolution systems, such as Christian Conciliation and rabbinic tribunals, whose decisions are enforced by U.S. courts. The main focus of this paper is on Islamic dispute resolution traditions such as ṭaḥkīm and their practical application, describing the types of Islamic dispute resolution organizations that have been developed in the United States over the past few decades and how they function, aiming to provide insights into the evolving role of Islamic dispute resolution within the U.S. legal framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic law, Islamic family law, arbitration, mediation, United States of America

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde İslami Uyuşmazlık Çözümüne Genel Bir Bakış

Öz

Bu çalışma, ABD’deki İslami uyuşmazlık çözüm uygulamalarına kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmakta ve ABD seküler hukuku ile İslami hukuk geleneklerinin kesişimini ele almaktadır. Çalışma, ABD’deki Müslüman nüfusun incelenmesiyle başlamakta ve din özgürlüğüne ilişkin anayasal güvencelerin yanı sıra ABD tahkim yasalarının ve Birleşik Devletler’de kullanılan alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm (ADR) türlerinin, kararları ABD mahkemeleri tarafından uygulanan Hristiyan Uzlaştırma ve haham mahkemeleri gibi dini toplulukların inanç temelli uyuşmazlık çözüm sistemleri kurmalarına nasıl olanak sağladığını araştırmaktadır. Bu makalenin ana odağı, İslami uyuşmazlık çözümünün ABD yasal çerçevesi içinde gelişen rolü hakkında fikir vermek amacıyla son birkaç on yılda Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde gelişmekte olan İslami uyuşmazlık çözüm kuruluşlarının türlerini ve nasıl işlediklerini açıklayarak taḥkīm gibi İslami uyuşmazlık çözüm gelenekleri ve bunların pratik uygulamalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslami hukuku, İslam aile hukuku, tahkim, arabuluculuk, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

Kaynakça

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