DENİZ GÜVENLİĞİ VE ÇİN ETKİSİ: ENDONEZYA'NIN GÜNEY ÇİN DENİZİ VE NATUNA ADALARI POLİTİKALARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, 59 - 82, 27.02.2021

Yunus Emre Armağan

Öz

Çin tarafından Güney Çin Denizi’nde (GÇD) izlenen yayılmacı politikalar, Natuna Adaları bağlamında Endonezya’nın deniz güvenliğini tehdit etmektedir. Bu çerçevede Endonezya 2014 yılında Küresel Denizcilik Ekseni (KDE) doktrinini ilan ederek deniz güvenliği hususunda daha kararlı adımlar atmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada; Endonezya, kendi deniz güvenliğini korumak için Çin’in GÇD’de yürüttüğü yayılmacı politikalara nasıl karşılık veriyor sorusuna yanıt aranmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Endonezya’nın deniz güvenliği politikalarını tartışarak 2014 yılında iktidara gelen Joko Widodo (Jokowi) sonrası Endonezya dış politikasında yaşanan değişimi öne çıkarmaktır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, Endonezya’nın değişen deniz güvenliği politikaları ele alınmış ve bu bağlamda Jokowi döneminde oluşturulan KDE doktrini incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak, GÇD anlaşmazlığına ve Endonezya’nın GÇD’ne yönelik politikalarına işaret edilmiştir. Son olarak, Endonezya’nın Natuna Adaları politikaları analiz edilerek Jokowi hükümetinin Çin’in yayılmacı politikalarına nasıl karşılık verdiği incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Natuna Adaları krizi kapsamında Endonezya’nın uluslararası hukuk, diplomasi, askeri caydırıcılık ve karşılıklı bağımlılık araçlarını kullanarak Çin’in hak ihlallerini engellemeye çalıştığını ve Çin’in politikalarına cevap ürettiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu çerçevede araştırmada, Endonezyalı yetkililerin demeçlerine, resmî makamların ve ilgili bakanlıkların yayınlarına, raporlarına ve diplomatik notalarına yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endonezya, Güney Çin Denizi, Çin, Deniz Güvenliği, Natuna Adaları

Kaynakça

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