FEMALE SLAVERY THE EVOLUTION OF WOMEN IN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN MESOPOTAMIA AND THE ANCIENT EGYPT

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 9, 30.04.2018

Furkan Yıldız

Öz

Kölelik, modern dünyada da hala varolan en
eski kurumlardan biridir. İlk yerleşik toplumlardan, günümüze kadar, kölelik
kurumu, toplumların ihtiyaçları, kültürleri ve diğer toplumlarla olan
münasebetleriyle şekillenmiştir. İlk örneklerinde, savaş esirleri ve borçlu
kişiler köle olarak alınırdı. Fakat daha sonraki uygulamaya ilişkin örneklerde,
kişilerin borçlarını ödeyemediği durumlarda borçlarına karşılık olarak kasıtlı
bir şekilde köleliği seçtiğini görmekteyiz. Sümerler ve Babiller gibi
toplumlarda kölelerin sahip olduğu hakları düzenleyen yasal kurallar vardır.
Köleliğin ilk örneklerinde cinsiyet farkına dair belli bir uygulama olmamasına
ragmen, fadın kölelerin görev tanımları hizmetçilikten cariyeliğe doğru ciddi
bir şekilde kaymıştır. Bu değişimin sebebi orta sınıf toplumlardaki ataerkil
veya ev işlerine yönelik kölelikten daha gelişmiş toplumlardaki ‘mal’ anlayışı
ile yürütülen köleliğe dönüşümün kölelik algısına ve uygulamasına etkisidir.
Kısacası, bu çalışma Mesopotamya ve Antik Mısır medeniyetlerinde ki cinsiyetler
arası uygulama farklarını analiz edip, bu farkların kölelik uygulamalarına
yansımasını ve köleliği günlük hayata adapte eden toplumları
değerlendirecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kölelik, Mesopotamya, kadın köleliği, antik mısır, kölelik ve hukuk

FEMALE SLAVERY THE EVOLUTION OF WOMEN IN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN MESOPOTAMIA AND THE ANCIENT EGYPT

Öz

Slavery has been one of the oldest
institution that is still alive in modern world. From the first urban societies
to the modern world, the institution of slavery has been evolved by societies’ needs,
traditions and interaction among other societies. At first practices, war
captives and indebted persons were taken into slavery. However, in later
practices, we can notice that indebted persons, without any pressure, choose a
being slave in order to pay their debts with their consent. Some societies such
as Sumer and Babylonia have utilized specific legal norms to regulate slaves’
rights. Despite the fact that there were no certain differences among gender at
first slavery practices, missions of female slaves have been dramatically
transformed from servant to concubine. The reason of this is the transformation
in perception and practice which mean evolution from household or “patriarchal”
slavery within pre-class societies to “commodity” slavery within well-developed
societies. In short, this study analyses differences in the gender-based
practices of slavery in pre-class societies which are Mesopotamia and Ancient
Egypt and evaluates the reflections of them not only in general practices of
slavery but also in societies that adopt slavery into their daily life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mesopotamia, The Institution of Slavery, Ancient Egypt, Female Slavery, Slavery and Law

Kaynakça

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