Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Din Eğitimine Çoğulcu Bir Yaklaşım: ‘Gift to the Child’

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 26, 227 - 258, 01.12.2013

Cemil Oruç

Öz

Çocukluk dönemi din eğitimi birçok ülkede farklı gerekçelerle tartışılmaktadır. Bu dönemde din eğitiminin gerekli olup olmadığına, eğer gerekli ise hangi yöntemlerle verilmesine bağlı olarak birçok bakış açısı söz konusudur. Konuyla ilgili tartışmalar devam ederken İngiltere'de okul öncesi ve ilkokul döneminde din eğitimine yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmak amacıyla 'Gift to the Child' yaklaşımı geliştirildi. Bu yaklaşımda erken çocukluk döneminde din eğitiminin çoğulcu bir toplumda mümkün hatta gerekli olduğu savunulur. Araştırma projeleri çerçevesinde şekillenen bu yaklaşım çocuğu fırsat verildiğinde kendi teolojilerini üretebilecek yetkin bireyler olarak ele alır. Bu çalışma, projelerin uygulama sürecini, çocukların din eğitiminin temel prensiplerini ve bu süreçte edinilen eğitimsel kazanımları açıklayarak diğer eğitimsel yaklaşımlarla karşılaştırmayı hedefler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuğun Din Eğitimi, Gift to the Child, Fenomenolojik Din Eğitimi

Kaynakça

• Alves, C. (1968). Symposium Ronald Goldman and religious education. Religious Education: The Official Journal of the Religious Education Association, 6(63), 419-423.
• Bahçekapılı, M. (2011). Din eğitiminde pedagojik yaklaşımlar: Din hakkında ve dinden öğrenme. Islamic University of Europe Journal of Islamic Research, 4(2), 170-204.
• Barnes, P. (2001). What is wrong with the phenomenological approach to religious education?. Religious Education: The Official Journal of the Religious Education Association, 4(64), 445-461.
• Barnes, P. (2007). Religious education and the misrepresentation of religion. M. Felderhof vd. (Ed.), Inspiring Faith in Schools: Studies in Religious Education, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.
• BJRE. (1994). Editorial. British Journal of Religious Education, 17(1), 2-4.
• Chadwick, P., Jenkins, M. P. & Reid, I. (2007). Review Symposium. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(4), 519-528.
• Copley, T. (2008). Teaching religion-sixty years of religious education in England and Wales. Devon: University of Exeter Press.
• DFE, (1994) Circular 1/94: Religious education and collective worship, London.
• Engebretson, K. (2009). Phenomenology and religious education theory. M. de Souza vd. (Ed.), International Handbook of the Religious, Moral and Spiritual Dimensions in Education, Dordrecht: Springer.
• ERA, (1988). Education reform act, London: HMSO.
• Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: Norton & Company Inc.
• Felderhof, M., Thompson, P. & Torevell, D. (2007). Inspiring faith in schools: Studies in religious education. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.
• Goldman, R. (1963). The development of religious thinking. Learning for Living, 5(2), 6 - 9.
• Goldman, R. (1965). Readiness for religion: A basis for developmental religious education. New York: The Seabury Press.
• Grimmitt, M. (1991). The use of religious phenomena in schools: Some theoretical and practical considerations. British Journal of Religious Education, 13(2), 77-88.
• Grimmitt, M. (2000). Introduction: The captivity and liberation of religious education and the meaning and significance of pedagogy. M. Grimmitt (Ed.), Pedagogies of Religious Education: Case Studies in the Research and Development of Good Pedagogic Practice in RE, Essex: McCrimmons.
• Grimmitt, M. (2008). Inside a religious education research project: the influence of theological and educational considerations on the treatment of religious content within a prescribed pedagogic framework. Journal of Belief & Values: Studies in Religion & Education, 29(3), 223-232.
• Grimmitt, M., Grove, J., Hull, J. & Spencer, L. (1991). A gift to the child: Religious education in the primary school-teachers’ source book. London: Simon&Schuster.
• Hammod, J. & Hay, D. vd. (1990). New methods in R.E. teaching: An experiential approach. Essex: Oliver & Boyd.
• Hella, E. & Wright A., (2009). Learning “about” and “from” religion: Phenomenography, the variation theory of learning and religious education in Finland and UK. British Journal of Religious Education, 31(1), 53-64.
• Holy Bible - English Standard Version (2007), Good News Publishers.
• Hull, J. M. (1984). Studies in religion & education. Sussex: The Falmer Press.
• Hull, J. M. (1991). God-talk with young children-notes for parents and teachers. Birmingham Papers in Religious Education, Birmingham: CREDAR.
• Hull, J. M. (1996). A gift to the child: A new pedagogy for teaching religion to young children. Religious Education: The Official Journal of the Religious Education Association, 91(2), 172-188.
• Hull, J. M. (1997). Theological conversation with young children. British Journal of Religious Education, 20(1), 7-13.
• Hull, J. M. (2000). Religion in the service of the child project: The gift approach to religious education. M. Grimmitt (Ed.) Pedagogies of Religious Education: Case Studies in the Research and Development of Good Pedagogic Practice in RE, Essex: McCrimmons.
• Jackson, R. (1997). Religious education: An interpretive approach. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
• Jackson, R. (2000). The Warwick Religious Education Project: The interpretive approach to religious education. M. Grimmitt (Ed.) Pedagogies of Religious Education: Case Studies in the Research and Development of Good Pedagogic Practice in RE, Essex: McCrimmons.
• Jung, C. G. (2001). Modern man in search of a soul. (translated by W.S. Dell & Cary F. Baynes), London: Routledge.
• Kaymakcan, R. (2004). Günümüz İngiltere’sinde din eğitimi. İstanbul: Dem Yayınları.
• Kaymakcan, R. (2012). Bir değer olarak hoşgörü ve eğitimi. M. Köylü (Ed.), Din Eğitiminde Çağdaş Konular, İstanbul: Dem Yayınları
• Maslow, A. (1964). Religions, values, and peak experiences. Penguin Books.
• Moore, E. M. (1991). Teaching from the heart: Theology and educational method. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International.
• Otto, R. (1958). The idea of the Holy. London: Oxford University Press.
• QCA, (2004). Religious education: The non-statutory national framework. London: Qualifications and Curriculum Authority.
• Piaget, J. (2001). The psychology of intelligence. New York: Taylor & Francis e- Library.
• SCAA. (1994a). Model 1: Living faiths today. London.
• SCAA. (1994b). Model 2: Questions and teachings. London.
• Schweitzer, F. (2010). Children’s right to religion and religious education. K. Engebretson vd. (Ed.), International Handbook of Inter-religious Education, London: Springer.
• Smart, N. (1976). The religious experience of mankind. London: Collins.
• Streib, H. (2006). Strangeness in inter-religious classroom communication: Research on the gift to the child material. D. Bates vd. (Ed.), Education, Religion and Society: Essays in Honour of John M. Hull, London: Routledge.
• Teece, G. (2010). Is it learning about and from religions, religion or religious education? And is it any wonder some teachers don’t get it?. British Journal of Religious Education, 32(2), 93-103.