Denizlerdeki Savaş Risklerinin Devlet Reasüransı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 101 - 175, 13.10.2024

Hakan Koçak

Öz

Deniz sigortalarında savaş riskleri genellikle teminat kapsamının dışında tutulmakta ve bu risklere ayrı poliçelerle teminat sağlanmaktadır. Ancak savaş risklerinin özel niteliği gereği uygulamada, bu risklere karşı sigorta ve reasürans teminatı bulunmasında güçlükler yaşanabilmektedir. Ayrıca, savaş risklerine karşı sigorta ve reasürans teminatı sağlayan sigortacı sayısı sınırlıdır. Bu durum, savaşın yanında ekonomik kriz, kıtlık veya kitlesel göç gibi diğer büyük sorunların doğmasına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, uygulamada savaş risklerine karşı devletler tarafından sigorta ve reasürans teminatı sağlandığı görülmektedir.
Bu makalede, denizlerdeki savaş risklerine karşı devletlerin reasürans teminatı sağlaması incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda, devletlerin teminat sağlamaya yetkili organı, teminat sağlamanın usulü, teminat sağlanan risklerin kapsamı, prim borcu gibi sözleşmede özellik arz eden hususlar, uluslararası uygulamalar dikkate alınarak açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca ilgili hususlarda Türk hukukunda mevcut durum değerlendirilmekte ve uluslararası uygulamalar dikkate alınarak önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Savaş Riskleri, Devlet Reasüransı, Deniz Sigortaları, Özel Riskler Yönetim Merkezi (ÖRYM), Reasürans Primi

Governmental Reinsurance of Marine War Risks

Öz

War risks are generally excluded from the cover in marine insurances and these risks are covered by separate policies. Due to the peculiar characteristics of war risks, difficulties may arise for insurance and reinsurance coverage against these risks in practice. In addition, the number of underwriters providing insurance and reinsurance cover against war risks is fairly limited. This may cause other major problems such as financial problems, famine or mass migration in addition to war. Therefore, it is observed that insurance and reinsurance coverage against war risks is provided by the governments in practice.
This article reviews the governmental reinsurance of marine war risks. To this extent, issues such as the authorised body of the governments to issue reinsurance, the procedure of providing reinsurance, the scope of the risks covered, and payment of premiums are explained by considering international practices. Also, the current status of Turkish law on the related issues is reviewed and some suggestions are presented by considering international practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

War Risks, Governmental Reinsurance, Marine Policies, Special Risks Management Centre (SRMC), Reinsurance Premium

Kaynakça

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