Demiryolu Ortamında Nesne Tespiti için Derin Öğrenme Yöntemlerinin Geliştirilmesi ve Zed Kamerası ile Mesafe Ölçümü

Öz

Demiryolu güvenliğinin sağlanması, dinamik ortamlarda doğru ve gerçek zamanlı nesne tespiti gerektiren kritik bir mühendislik problemidir. Bu çalışmada, demiryolu izleme süreçlerini iyileştirmek amacıyla derin öğrenme tabanlı nesne tespiti modelleri geliştirilmiş ve RailSem19 veri seti kullanılarak YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv11 ve Faster R-CNN modelleri eğitilerek entegre edilmiştir. Ayrıca, nesnelerin mesafe ölçümlerinin hassasiyetini artırmak için ZED stereo kamerası kullanılmıştır. Deneysel bulgular, YOLOv9 modelinin doğruluk ve işlem verimliliği açısından en iyi dengeyi sağladığını ortaya koymakta olup, bu modelin ortalama doğruluk (mAP50) değeri %52,14 olarak hesaplanmış ve çıkarım süresi optimize edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, otonom demiryolu sistemleri ve güvenlik izleme uygulamaları için önemli bir potansiyel taşımaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, veri artırma teknikleri, yapay zekâ destekli yorumlanabilirlik ve çoklu sensör füzyonu ile modelin dayanıklılığını artırmaya odaklanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Derin öğrenme
• Demiryolu güvenliği
• Nesne algılama
• Mesafe ölçümü
• RailSem19
• ZED kamera

Developing Deep Learning Methods for Object Detection and Using Zed Camera for Distance Measurement in Railway Environment

Öz

Ensuring railway safety is a critical engineering problem that requires accurate and real-time object detection in dynamic environments. In this study, deep learning-based object detection models are developed to improve railway monitoring processes, and YOLOv8, YOLOv9, YOLOv11, and Faster R-CNN models are trained and integrated using RailSem19 dataset. In addition, a ZED stereo camera is used to increase the precision of distance measurements of objects. Experimental findings reveal that the YOLOv9 model provides the best balance in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, the average accuracy (mAP50) value of this model is calculated as 52.14% and the inference time is optimized. The proposed method has significant potential for autonomous railway systems and safety monitoring applications. Future studies will focus on improving the robustness of the model with data augmentation techniques, artificial intelligence-supported interpretability, and multi-sensor fusion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deep learning
• Railway safety
• Object detection
• Distance measurement
• RailSem19
• ZED camera

Kaynakça

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