Avrupa Demiryolu Yük Taşımacılığında Dijital Otomatik Koşum Takımı: Türkiye Ve Orta Koridor İçin Planlama Ve Operasyonel Sonuçlar

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa’da uygulanmakta olan Dijital Otomatik Koşum Takımı (Digital Automatic Coupling – DAC) dönüşümünü teknik, operasyonel ve stratejik boyutlarıyla incelemek ve bu dönüşümün Türkiye demiryolu yük taşımacılığı ile Avrupa–Asya bağlantısını oluşturan Orta Koridor üzerindeki potansiyel etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Avrupa Birliği kurum raporları, DAC pilot projelerine ilişkin teknik dokümanlar, hakemli bilimsel makaleler (Q1–Q2) ve kurumsal yayınlar karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sürecinde DAC’nin teknik gereksinimleri, maliyet yapısı, standartlaşma süreci ve altyapı uyumu, Türkiye’nin mevcut demiryolu sistemi ile karşılaştırmalı bir çerçevede ele alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, DAC’nin Avrupa demiryolu yük taşımacılığında operasyonel verimliliği, çalışan güvenliğini ve kapasite kullanımını artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak yüksek dönüşüm maliyetleri, altyapı kısıtları ve standardizasyon belirsizlikleri sürecin önündeki başlıca zorluklar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türkiye açısından DAC’ye geçiş, sınır geçiş sürelerinin kısaltılması ve Orta Koridor’un rekabet gücünün artırılması gibi önemli fırsatlar barındırırken; finansman ihtiyacı, eski vagon filosu ve geçiş sürecinin yönetimi başlıca riskler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, DAC teknolojisini yalnızca Avrupa içi bir teknik modernizasyon olarak ele almakla sınırlı kalmayıp, Avrupa–Asya demiryolu ağları üzerindeki stratejik etkilerini Türkiye odağında tartışan çok yönlü bir akademik değerlendirme sunmaktadır. Çalışma, DAC dönüşümünü teknik, ekonomik ve kurumsal boyutlarıyla bütüncül bir çerçevede ele alarak literatüre özgün katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijital Otomatik Koşum takımı
• Demiryolu Yük Taşımacılığı
• Demiryolu Dijitalleşmesi
• Birlikte Çalışabilirlik
• Orta Koridor
• Avrupa Demiryolu Politikaları
• Otomasyon

Digital Automatic Coupling in European Rail Freight: Planning And Operational Implications For Türkiye And The Middle Corridor

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the Digital Automatic Coupling (DAC) transformation being implemented in Europe from its technical, operational, and strategic dimensions, and to evaluate its potential impact on Turkish rail freight transport and the Middle Corridor, which connects Europe and Asia. A qualitative research approach was adopted in the study. European Union institutional reports, technical documents related to DAC pilot projects, peer-reviewed scientific articles (Q1–Q2), and institutional publications were analyzed comparatively. During the analysis, the technical requirements, cost structure, standardization process, and infrastructure compatibility of DAC were considered within a comparative framework with Turkey's existing railway system. The analysis results show that DAC has the potential to significantly increase operational efficiency, employee safety, and capacity utilization in European rail freight transport. However, high conversion costs, infrastructure constraints, and standardization uncertainties are the main challenges facing the process. For Turkey, the transition to DAC offers significant opportunities such as shortening border crossing times and increasing the competitiveness of the Middle Corridor; while financing needs, the aging wagon fleet, and the management of the transition process stand out as the main risks. This study does not limit itself to addressing DAC technology solely as an intra-European technical modernization but offers a comprehensive academic assessment discussing its strategic impacts on European-Asian railway networks, focusing on Turkey. By addressing the DAC transformation within a holistic framework encompassing its technical, economic, and institutional dimensions, the study fills a significant gap in the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digital Automated Coupling
• Railway Freight Transport
• Railway Digitalization
• Interoperability
• Middle Corridor
• European Railway Policies
• Automation

Kaynakça

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