Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

BENFORD YASASI VE BENEISH MODEL İLE MUHASEBE MANİPÜLASYONUNUN BELİRLENMESİ: AMPİRİK BİR UYGULAMA

Yıl 2023, , 88 - 103, 21.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.58348/denetisim.1312567

Öz

Bu çalışmanın ana amacı Benford Yasası’ndan ve Beneish Modelinden yararlanılarak olası finansal hilenin/hatanın ve/veya muhasebe manipülasyonunun gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediğini tespit etmek ve bu tespitin bu modeller yardımıyla doğru zamanda tespit edilip edilemeyeceğini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda iflası açıklanmış Borsa İstanbul’da faaliyet göstermiş bir şirketin (ABC) açıklanan son beş yıllık verisinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada değerlendirilen iki model, ABC şirketinin son beş yıllık veri setinde olası manipülasyon tespit edilmesi sebebiyle, uygun zamanı belirleme kabiliyetini doğru bir şekilde ele almakta sınırlı kalmıştır. İki model arasında benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Agustia, D., Muhammad, N. P. A., & Permatasari, Y. (2020). Earnings management, business strategy, and bankruptcy risk: evidence from Indonesia. Heliyon, 6(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03317.
  • Al-Hashimy, H. N. H. (2022). A review of accounting manipulation and detection: technique and prevention methods. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 11(10), 82-89.
  • Ali, Z. N., & Flayyih, H. H. (2021). Empirical study on the effect of adopting the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the quality of earnings using Beneish model in a sample of banks listed in the Iraqi stock exchange. Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 39(11). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i11.5830.
  • Almamy, J., Aston, J., & Ngwa, L. N. (2016). An evaluation of Altman's Z-score using cash flow ratio to predict corporate failure amid the recent financial crisis: Evidence from the UK. Journal of Corporate Finance, 36, 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.12.009.
  • Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609.
  • Ausloos, M., Ficcadenti, V., Dhesi, G., & Shakeel, M. (2021). Benford’s laws tests on S&P500 daily closing values and the corresponding daily log-returns both point to huge non-conformity. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 574, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.125969.
  • Beneish, M. D. (1997). Detecting GAAP violation: implications for assessing earnings management among firms with extreme financial performance. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 16(3), 271-309.
  • Beneish, M. D. (1999). The detection of earnings manipulation. Financial Analysts Journal, 55(5), 24-36.
  • Benford, F. (1938). The Law of Anomalous Numbers. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 551–572.
  • Can, E. N., & Özarı, Ç. (2023). BIST30 Şirketlerinin Bazı Finansal Tablo Kalemlerinin Benford Yasası ile Uyumluluğu. Mali Çözüm, 33(177), 773-806.
  • Cerqueti, R., & Maggi, M. (2021). Data validity and statistical conformity with Benford’s law. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 144, 110740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.110740.
  • Da Silva Azevedo, C., Gonçalves, R. F., Gava, V. L., & De Mesquita Spinola, M. (2021). A Benford’s law based methodology for fraud detection in social welfare programs: Bolsa Familia analysis. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 567, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2020.125626.
  • De Ceuster, M. J., Dhaene, G., & Schatteman, T. (1998). On the hypothesis of psychological barriers in stock markets and Benford's Law. Journal of Empirical Finance, 5(3), 263-279.
  • Demir, M., Kısakürek, M. M., & Arslan, Ö. (2019). İç denetim sisteminin hileli finansal raporlamayı önlemedeki rolüne yönelik bağımsız denetçiler üzerinde bir araştırma. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (82), 111-134.
  • Dereköy, F. (2020). Muhasebe manipülasyonları: Toshiba vakası. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (85), 91-110.
  • Diana, B., & Madalina, P. C. (2007). Is creative accounting a form of manipulation. Economic Science Series, Annals of the University of Oradea, 17(3), 935-940.
  • Dinasmara, C. K., & Adiwibowo, A. S. (2020). Deteksi kecurangan laporan keuangan menggunakan Beneish M–Score dan prediksi kebangkrutan menggunakan Altman Z–Score (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Termasuk dalam Indeks LQ–45 Tahun 2016–2018). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 9(3), 1-15.
  • Durtschi, C., Hillison, W., & Pacini, C. (2004). The effective use of Benford’s law to assist in detecting fraud in accounting data. Journal of Forensic Accounting, 5(1), 17-34.
  • Ertikin, K. (2017). Hile denetimi: Benford Yasası’nın bilgisayar destekli kullanımına yönelik bir hizmet işletmesi örneği. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 19(3), 696-726.
  • Fernandes, P., & Antunes, M. (2023). Benford's law applied to digital forensic analysis. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 45, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsidi.2023.301515
  • Goh, C. (2020). Applying visual analytics to fraud detection using Benford's law. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 31(4), 202-208.
  • Grammatikos, T., & Papanikolaou, N. I. (2021). Applying Benford’s law to detect accounting data manipulation in the banking industry. Journal of Financial Services Research, 59, 115-142.
  • Güner, M., & Kurnaz, E. (2020). Muhasebe manipülasyonunun Beneish modeli yardımıyla ölçülmesi: BIST Kimya, Petrol, Plastik endeksi şirketleri üzerine bir araştırma. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 13(2), 195-214. https://doi.org/10.29067/muvu.626834.
  • Güner, M., & Kurnaz, E. (2021). Muhasebe denetiminde Benford Kanun’unun kullanımı bir devlet üniversitesi uygulaması. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 81-96.
  • Günlük, M. (2023). Muhasebe manipülasyonlarının Beneish modeli ile tespit edilmesi: Borsa İstanbul (BIST) gıda, içecek ve tütün alt sektöründe bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 23(69), 365-386. https://doi.org/10.55322/mdbakis.1210331
  • Hasan, L. M., Zgair, L. A., Ngotoye, A. A., Hussain, H. N., & Najmuldeen, C. (2015). A review of the factors that influence the adoption of cloud computing by small and medium enterprises. Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 2(1), 842-848.
  • Helbig, E. (2016). Detecting accounting fraud-the case of let's Gowex SA. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Henselmann, K., Scherr, E., & Ditter, D. (2013). Applying Benford's Law to individual financial reports: an empirical investigation on the basis of SEC XBRL filings (No. 2012-1 [rev.]). Working papers in accounting valuation auditing.
  • Herteliu, C., Jianu, I., Dragan, I. M., Apostu, S., & Luchian, I. (2021). Testing Benford’s laws (non) conformity within disclosed companies’ financial statements among hospitality industry in Romania. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 582, 126221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.126221
  • Hill, T. P. (1998). The first digit phenomenon: A century-old observation about an unexpected pattern in many numerical tables applies to the stock market, census statistics and accounting data. American Scientist, 86(4), 358-363.
  • Holda, A. (2020). Using the Beneish M-score model: evidence from non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw stock exchange. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 17(4), 389-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(4).2020.33.
  • Kara, S., & İlkdoğan, S. (2021). İç denetimin hileye yaklaşımında Benford Kanunu’nun uygulanması. Balikesir University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 24(45).
  • Kara, E., Ugurlu, M., & Korpi, M. (2015). Using Beneish model in identifying accounting manipulation: an empirical study in BIST manufacturing industry sector, Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies, 1(1), 25-39.
  • Kara, S., Sakarya, Ş., & Özcan, P. (2021). Benford yasası ve muhasebe manipülasyonları: örnek bir uygulama. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 1175-1201. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.914964
  • Kara, S., & Tuna, M. (2018). Kar yönetiminin düzeltilmiş Jones modeliyle ölçümü: BIST’te bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 18(54), 97-112.
  • Kıllı, M., & Evci, S. (2017). Muhasebe manipülasyonlarının tespitinde kullanılan modeller. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 68-79.
  • Kirkos, E., Spathis, C., & Manolopoulos, Y. (2007). Data mining techniques for the detection of fraudulent financial statements. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 995-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.016.
  • Kukreja, G., Gupta, S. M., Sarea, A. M., & Kumaraswamy, S. (2020). Beneish M-score and Altman Z-score as a catalyst for corporate fraud detection. Journal of Investment Compliance, 21(4), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOIC-09-2020-0022.
  • Küçüksözen, C. (2004), Finansal bilgi manipülasyonu: nedenleri, yöntemleri, amaçları, teknikleri, sonuçları ve İMKB şirketleri üzerine ampirik bir çalışma (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • MacCarthy, J. (2017). Using Altman Z-score and Beneish M-score models to detect financial fraud and corporate failure: A case study of Enron Corporation. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 6(6), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijfa.20170606.01.
  • Mahama, M. (2015). Detecting corporate fraud and financial distress using the Altman and Beneish models. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(1), 1-18.
  • Mavengere, K. (2015). Predicting corporate bankruptcy and earnings manipulation using the Altman Z-score and Beneish M-score. the case of z manufacturing firm in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research. 4(10), 8-14.
  • Mehta, A., & Bhavani, G. (2017). Application of forensic tools to detect fraud: the case of Toshiba. Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting, 9(1), 692-710.
  • Newcomb, S. (1881). Note on the frequency of use of the different digits in natural numbers. American Journal of Mathematics, 4(1), 39-40.
  • Nguyen, H. A., & Nguyen, H. L. (2016). Using the M-score model in detecting earnings management: Evidence from non-financial Vietnamese listed companies. VNU Journal of Economics and Business, 32(2), 14-23.
  • Nigrini, M. (1994). Using digital frequencies to detect fraud. The white paper, 8(2), 3-6.
  • Nigrini, M. J. (1996). A taxpayer compliance application of Benford's law. The Journal of the American Taxation Association, 18(1), 72-92.
  • Nigrini, M. J. (2012). Benford's Law: Applications for forensic accounting, auditing, and fraud detection (Vol. 586). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Nwoye, J. U., Adeniyi, S., & Abiahu, M. F. C. (2020). Achieving transparent IFRS financial reporting in Nigeria and Ghana: The B&B model effect. Journal of Taxation and Economic Development, 19(2), 34-64.
  • Nwoye J.U, Obiorah J., N., & Chukwunonso, E. (2015). Assessing the Risk of Fraud in Published IFRS and Nigerian GAAP Financial Reports: A Comparative Application of the Beneish Models. IUP Journal of Accounting Research & Audit Practices, 14(1).
  • Nwoye, D. U., Okoye, E. I., & Oraka, A. O. (2013). Beneish model as effective complement to the application of SAS No. 99 in the conduct of audit in Nigeria. Management and Administrative Sciences Review, 2(6), 640-655.
  • Omar, N., Koya, R. K., Sanusi, Z. M., & Shafie, N. A. (2014). Financial statement fraud: a case examination using Beneish Model and ratio analysis. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 5(2), 184-186.
  • Onay, A., & Benligiray, S. (2021). Beneish modelinin Türkiye’ye uyarlanması: tespit başarımını geliştiren bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 511-528. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.948002.
  • Othman, R., Ameer, R., & Laswad, F. (2019). Forensic auditing tools in detecting financial statements' irregularities: Benford’s law and Beneish model in the case of Toshiba. Chapter 13, 256-275. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7356-2.ch013.
  • Özarı, Ç. ve Ocak, M. (2013). Detection Of Earnings Management By Applying Benford's Law İn Selected Accounts: Evidence From Quarterly Financial Statements Of Turkish Public Companies. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 59(4), 37-52.
  • Özcan, A. (2019). Analyzing the impact of forensic accounting on the detection of financial information manipulation. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(2), 1744-1760.
  • Özevin, O. (2020). A model recommendation on determination of manipulation risk in financial statements: BIST application. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 87, 281-300. https://doi.org/10.25095/mufad.756380.
  • Özevin, O., Yücel, R., & Öncü, M. A. (2020). Fraud detecting with Benford’s law: an alternative approach with BDS and critic values. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 22(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.31460/mbdd.609957.
  • Păunescu, M., Nichita, E. M., Lazăr, P., & Frățilă, A. (2023). Applying Benford’s law to detect fraud in the insurance industry—a case study from the Romanian market. In Fostering Recovery Through Metaverse Business Modelling: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Emerging Paradigm Shift, 51-66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
  • Peker, A. A. (2023). Muhasebe manipülasyonlarının tespit edilmesinde Beneish tr modeli: borsa İstanbul üzerine sektörel bazda bir uygulama. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 23(69), 321-346. https://doi.org/10.55322/mdbakis.1220209
  • Ramírez-Orellana, A., Martínez-Romero, M. J., & Mariño-Garrido, T. (2017). Measuring fraud and earnings management by a case of study: evidence from an international family business. European Journal of Family Business, 7(1-2), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.10.001.
  • Repousis, S. (2016). Using Beneish model to detect corporate financial statement fraud in Greece. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(4), 1063-1073.https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2014-0055.
  • Riccioni, J., & Cerqueti, R. (2018). Regular paths in financial markets: investigating the Benford's law. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 107, 186-194.
  • Sambridge, M., Tkalčić, H., & Jackson, A. (2010). Benford's law in the natural sciences. Geophysical Research Letters, 37(22), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044830.
  • Spathis, C. T. (2002). Detecting false financial statements using published data: some evidence from Greece. Managerial Auditing Journal, 17(4), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900210424321.
  • Tarjo, & Herawati, N. (2015). Application of Beneish M-Score models and data mining to detect financial fraud. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 924-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.122.
  • Tepeli, Y., & Kayıhan, B. (2016). Muhasebe manipülasyonunun Beneish modeli ile tespit edilmesi: BIST gıda maddeler sanayi sektörü’nde bir uygulama. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(4), 245-264.
  • Toplu, N., Calayoğlu, İ., & Azaltun, M. (2021). Finansal bilgi manipülasyonu ortaya çıkarmaya yönelik bir araştırma (Beneish Model). Muhasebe ve Finans İncelemeleri Dergisi, 4(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.32951/mufider.796841.
  • Warshavsky, M. (2015). Analyzing earnings quality as a financial forensic tool. Financial Valuation and Litigation Expert Journal, (39): 16–20.
  • Whyman, G., Ohtori, N., Shulzinger, E., & Bormashenko, E. (2016). Revisiting the Benford law: when the Benford-like distribution of leading digits in sets of numerical data is expectable?. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 461, 595-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.06.054.
  • Yücel, R. & Özevin, O. (2016) Benford Kanunu’nun Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören şirketlerin bilanço kalemlerine uygulanması. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 83-97.
  • İnternet Kaynakları https://www.kgk.gov.tr/Portalv2Uploads/files/Duyurular/v2/BDS/BDSyeni11092019/BDS_265.pdf (KGK- Kamu Gözetimi Muhasebe ve Denetim Standartları Kurumu, BDS 265), Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2023) www.kap.org.tr
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Denetim ve Mali Sorumluluk, Finansal Muhasebe
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Esin Nesrin Can 0000-0002-3525-0793

Çiğdem Özarı 0000-0002-2948-8957

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Can, E. N., & Özarı, Ç. (2023). BENFORD YASASI VE BENEISH MODEL İLE MUHASEBE MANİPÜLASYONUNUN BELİRLENMESİ: AMPİRİK BİR UYGULAMA. Denetişim(28), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.58348/denetisim.1312567

TR Dizin'de yer alan Denetişim dergisi yayımladığı çalışmalarla; alanındaki profesyoneller, akademisyenler ve düzenleyiciler arasında etkili bir iletişim ağı kurarak, etkin bir denetim ve yönetim sistemine ulaşma yolculuğunda önemli mesafelerin kat edilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır.