KURUMSAL SOSYAL SORUMLULUKTA ÖLÇÜM TEKNİKLERİ
Yıl 2011,
Sayı: 8, 60 - 67, 13.07.2016
Muammer Sarıkaya
Yasemin Akarca
Öz
Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk son yıllarda iş dünyasında öne çıkan başlıca konular arasında yer almaktadır. Bunun iki temel nedeni olduğu söylenebilir. Birincisi, işletmelerin toplumda artan rolü ve toplum bilincinin giderek artmasına paralel olarak işletmelerin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarının yükümlülük haline gelmesidir. İkincisi ise rekabetçi üstünlük açısından işletmelerin son yıllarda başvurduğu konulardan birisinin de kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk olmasıdır. Bu durum, ekonomik performansın sürdürülebilirliği kadar sosyal performansın da sürdürülebilirliğini ve önemini artırmakta ve gerçekleştirilen kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarının çeşitli ölçüm teknikleriyle denetimini gerekli kılmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Aktan, Coşkun Can, Deniz Börü, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, İşletmeler ve Sosyal Sorumluluk, İgiad Yayınları, 2007. Argüden, Yılmaz, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, Rota Yayın Yapım, İstanbul, 2002.
- Bowen, Howard R., Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, NY: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1953. Buchholtz, Rogene A., Sandra B. Rosenthal, Stakeholder Theory and Public Policy: How Governments Matter, Journal of Business Ethics, 51, 2, 2004, s.143-153.
- Carroll, Archie B., A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance, The Academy of Management Review, Vol.4, No.4, 1979, s. 497-505.
- Carroll, Archie B., The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, Business Horizons, Vol.34, Issue.4, 1991, s.39-48.
- Carroll, Archie B., Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Contract, Business and Society, Cilt. 38, No. 3, 1999. Carroll, Archie B., Ann K. Buchholtz. Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management, Fourth Edition, Australia: South-Western Collage Publishing, 2000.
- Griffin, Jennifer J., John F. Mahon, The Corporate Social Performance and Corporate Financial Performance Debate, Business and Society, Vol.36, No.1, 1997, s. 5-31.
- Fung, Archon, Dara O’Rourke, Reinventing Environmental Regulation from the Grassrots Up: Explaining and Expanding the Success of the Toxics Release Inventory, Environmental Management, Vol.25, No.2, 2000, s. 115-127.
- Gerde, Virginia W., Jeanne M. Logsdon, Measuring Environmental Performance: Use of the Toxics Release Inventory and Other Us Environmental Databases, Business Strategy and the Environmental, 10, 2001, s. 269-285.
- Harrison, Jeffrey S., R. Edward Freeman, Stakeholders, Social Responsibility, and Performance: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Perspectives, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, No.5, 1999, s. 479-485.
- Igalens, Jacques, Jean-Pascal Gond, Measuring Corporate Social Performance in France: A Critical and Empirical Analysis of ARESE Data, Journal of Business Ethics, 56, 2005, s. 131-148.
- Karake, Zeina A., An Examination of the Impact of Organizational Downsizing and Discrimination Activities on Corporate Social Responsibility as Measured by a Company’s Reputation Index, Management Decision, 36, 3, 1998, s. 206-216. Logsdon, Jeanne M., Kristi Yuthas, Corporate Social Performance, Stakeholder Orientation, and Organizational Moral Development, Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 12/13, 1997, s. 1213-1226.
- Neville, Benjamin A., Simon J. Bell, Bülent Mengüç, Corporate Reputation, Stakeholders and the Social Performance-Financial Performance Relationship, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.39, No.9/10, 2005, s.1184-1198.
- Peltekoğlu, Filiz Balta, Halkla İlişkiler Nedir?, 2. Baskı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001.
- Sarıkaya, Muammer, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, Yönetim Yaklaşımlarıyla Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik, Ed. Senem Besler, 1. Basım, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2009.
- Sethi, S. Prakash, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance: An Analytical Framework, California Management Review, Vol.17, Issue. 3, 1975, s. 58-64.
- Steiner, George A., Steiner, Jhon F, Business, Government, and Society: A Managerial Perspective, Eight Edition, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
- Şimşek, M. Şerif, Tahir Akgemici, Adnan Çelik, Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış, 3. Basım, 2003.
- Turban, Daniel B., Daniel W. Greening, Corporate Social Performance and Organizational Atrractiveness to Prospective Employees, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, No.3, 1996, s. 658-672.
- Valor, Carmen, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Citizenship: Towards Corporate Accountability, Business and Society Review; 110, 2, 2005, s.191-212.
- Wartick, Steven L., Philip L. Cochran, Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model, Academy of Management Review, Vol.10, No.4, 1985, s.758-780.
- Wood, Donna J, Corporate Social Performance Revisted, Academy of Management Review, Vol.16, No.4, 1991, s. 691-718.
- http://www.kld.com/indexes/data/ fact _sheet/DSI_Fact_ Sheet.pdf; Erişim: 11.07.2010
Yıl 2011,
Sayı: 8, 60 - 67, 13.07.2016
Muammer Sarıkaya
Yasemin Akarca
Kaynakça
- Aktan, Coşkun Can, Deniz Börü, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, İşletmeler ve Sosyal Sorumluluk, İgiad Yayınları, 2007. Argüden, Yılmaz, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, Rota Yayın Yapım, İstanbul, 2002.
- Bowen, Howard R., Social Responsibilities of the Businessman, NY: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1953. Buchholtz, Rogene A., Sandra B. Rosenthal, Stakeholder Theory and Public Policy: How Governments Matter, Journal of Business Ethics, 51, 2, 2004, s.143-153.
- Carroll, Archie B., A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance, The Academy of Management Review, Vol.4, No.4, 1979, s. 497-505.
- Carroll, Archie B., The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, Business Horizons, Vol.34, Issue.4, 1991, s.39-48.
- Carroll, Archie B., Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Contract, Business and Society, Cilt. 38, No. 3, 1999. Carroll, Archie B., Ann K. Buchholtz. Business and Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management, Fourth Edition, Australia: South-Western Collage Publishing, 2000.
- Griffin, Jennifer J., John F. Mahon, The Corporate Social Performance and Corporate Financial Performance Debate, Business and Society, Vol.36, No.1, 1997, s. 5-31.
- Fung, Archon, Dara O’Rourke, Reinventing Environmental Regulation from the Grassrots Up: Explaining and Expanding the Success of the Toxics Release Inventory, Environmental Management, Vol.25, No.2, 2000, s. 115-127.
- Gerde, Virginia W., Jeanne M. Logsdon, Measuring Environmental Performance: Use of the Toxics Release Inventory and Other Us Environmental Databases, Business Strategy and the Environmental, 10, 2001, s. 269-285.
- Harrison, Jeffrey S., R. Edward Freeman, Stakeholders, Social Responsibility, and Performance: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Perspectives, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, No.5, 1999, s. 479-485.
- Igalens, Jacques, Jean-Pascal Gond, Measuring Corporate Social Performance in France: A Critical and Empirical Analysis of ARESE Data, Journal of Business Ethics, 56, 2005, s. 131-148.
- Karake, Zeina A., An Examination of the Impact of Organizational Downsizing and Discrimination Activities on Corporate Social Responsibility as Measured by a Company’s Reputation Index, Management Decision, 36, 3, 1998, s. 206-216. Logsdon, Jeanne M., Kristi Yuthas, Corporate Social Performance, Stakeholder Orientation, and Organizational Moral Development, Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 12/13, 1997, s. 1213-1226.
- Neville, Benjamin A., Simon J. Bell, Bülent Mengüç, Corporate Reputation, Stakeholders and the Social Performance-Financial Performance Relationship, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.39, No.9/10, 2005, s.1184-1198.
- Peltekoğlu, Filiz Balta, Halkla İlişkiler Nedir?, 2. Baskı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001.
- Sarıkaya, Muammer, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk, Yönetim Yaklaşımlarıyla Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik, Ed. Senem Besler, 1. Basım, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul, 2009.
- Sethi, S. Prakash, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance: An Analytical Framework, California Management Review, Vol.17, Issue. 3, 1975, s. 58-64.
- Steiner, George A., Steiner, Jhon F, Business, Government, and Society: A Managerial Perspective, Eight Edition, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
- Şimşek, M. Şerif, Tahir Akgemici, Adnan Çelik, Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış, 3. Basım, 2003.
- Turban, Daniel B., Daniel W. Greening, Corporate Social Performance and Organizational Atrractiveness to Prospective Employees, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, No.3, 1996, s. 658-672.
- Valor, Carmen, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Citizenship: Towards Corporate Accountability, Business and Society Review; 110, 2, 2005, s.191-212.
- Wartick, Steven L., Philip L. Cochran, Evolution of the Corporate Social Performance Model, Academy of Management Review, Vol.10, No.4, 1985, s.758-780.
- Wood, Donna J, Corporate Social Performance Revisted, Academy of Management Review, Vol.16, No.4, 1991, s. 691-718.
- http://www.kld.com/indexes/data/ fact _sheet/DSI_Fact_ Sheet.pdf; Erişim: 11.07.2010