Öz
The history of the testament is as old as the history of humanity, the testament has existed since the day human beings existed. The Qurʾān states that some prophets made bequests to their children from time to time. Testament art is a type of literature that stands out with its quality form and style. In a testament, the person transfers the experience and knowledge he has gained throughout his life to someone else. Testament was a well-known literary genre in the period of ignorance of the Arabs before Islam. In the period of Ṣadr al-Islam, the testament experienced its brightest period as a result of new situations that emerged after the expansion of the Islamic state. The testaments have gained a new format under the leadership of the Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh). After the Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh), the Islamic geography expanded, and the Rāshidūn caliphs spread the testament to all areas of life, this has enabled them to give the best examples of the Ṣadr al-Islam period. As a result of the researches, the absence of a study dealing with the types of testaments in the period of Ṣadr al-Islam has led to the emergence of this article in our hands. In this article, the types of wills of the Ṣadr al-Islam period were discussed, the general characteristics of the testament were briefly explained, and the study is completed with the conclusion part.