Martin Bucer’in 16. Yüzyıl Reform Hareketiyle Bölünme Yaşayan Hıristiyanları Uzlaştırma Gayretleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 379 - 395, 30.11.2024

Hatice Keleş

https://doi.org/10.33931/dergiabant.1519721

Öz

16. yüzyılda meydana gelen reform hareketi, Martin Luther’in yanı sıra birçok farklı görüşe sahip olan din adamlarını da harekete geçirmiştir. Bu din adamlarından biri Martin Bucer (1491-1551)’dir. Bucer, Schlettstadt’ın yerel prestijli hümanist Latin okulunda ileri derecede bir eğitim almıştır. Hayatının erken yıllarında Hümanist ve Erasmian bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Luther ile tanışmasıyla birlikte reformu destekleyen dini liderlerden biri olmuştur. Daha sonra reformun önemli bir dini merkezi olan Strasburg’un din adamları meclisinin başkanı seçilmiştir. Bucer’in, reforma destek verdiği en önemli görüşü, gruplara/cemaatlere ayrılmış olan Hıristiyan alemini, uzlaşmacı bir yöntemle tekrar bir araya getirmektir. Bunun için de birçok toplantı, tartışma ve kolokyuma katılmıştır. Öncelikle Protestanları kendi aralarında birleştirmek için çabalamıştır. Daha sonra da Protestanlarla Katolikleri uzlaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Martin Bucer’in reform sürecinde görüş ayrılıkları sebebiyle çeşitli gruplara ayrılan Hıristiyanları birleştirme gayretleri deskriptif yöntemle ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dinler Tarihi, Hıristiyanlık, Reform, Martin Bucer

Martin Bucer's Efforts to Reconcile Christians Divided by the 16th Century Reformation Movement

Öz

The reform movement that took place in the 16th century mobilized clergy who had many different views, as well as Martin Luther. One of these clergymen was Martin Bucer (1491-1551). Bucer received advanced education at the local prestigious humanist Latin school in Schlettstadt. He acquired a Humanist and Erasmian identity in the early years of his life. After meeting Luther, he became one of the religious leaders who supported the reform. He was later elected president of the clergy council of Strasbourg, an important religious center of the Reformation. Bucer's most important view in support of the reform is to bring together the Christian world, which was divided into groups/communities, through a conciliatory method. For this reason, he participated in many meetings, discussions and colloquiums. First of all, he tried to unite Protestants among themselves. Later, he aimed to reconcile Protestants and Catholics. In this study, Martin Bucer's efforts to unite Christians who were divided into various groups due to differences of opinion during the reform process are discussed with a descriptive method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

History of Religions, Christianity, Reformation, Martin Bucer

Kaynakça

• Augustijn, Cornelis. “Bucer’s Ecclesiology in the Colloquies with the Catholics, 1540-1541”. Martin Bucer Reforming Church and Community. ed. D. F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Bucer, Martin. “De Regno Christi”, Melanchthon and Bucer. ed. Wilhelm Pauck ThD. Kentucky: The Westminster, 2006.
• Bucer, Martin. Bugenhagen, Johann. Luther, Martin. Melanchthon, Philip. Petri, Adam. Psalter wol verteutscht ausz der heyligen sprach. Durch Adam Petri Press, 1526.
• Burnett, Amy Nelson. “Contributors to the Reformed Tradition”, Reformation and Early Modern Europe. Ed. David M. Whiteford Missouri: Truman State University Press, 2008.
• Burnett, Amy Nelson. “Martin Bucer and the Church Fathers in the Cologne Reformation”. Faculty Publications, Department of History, University of Nebraska (2001).
• Eells, Hastings. “The Contributions of Martin Bucer to the Reformation”. The Harvard Theological Review 24/1 (Jan. 1931). pp. 29-42.
• Gordon, Bruce. “The New Parish”. A Companion to The Reformation World. ed. R. Po-chia Hsia. Malden: Blackwell. 2001.
• Greschat, Martin. “The Relation Between Church and Civil Community in Bucer’s Reforming Work”. Martin Bucer Reforming Church and Community. ed. D. F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Hall, H. Ashley. Philip Melanchthon and the Cappadocians, A Reception of Greek Patristic Sources in the Sixteenth Century. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck-Ruprecht, 2014.
• Haude, Sigrun. In The Shadow of Savage Wolves, Anabaptist Münster and the German Reformation During the 1530s. Boston: Humanities Press, 2000.
• Hazlett, Ian. “Bucer”. Reformation Theology. ed. David Bagchi-David C. Steinmetz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Hazlett, Ian. “Eucharistic Communion: İmpulses and Directions in Martin Bucer’s Thought”. Martin Bucer Reforming Church and Community. ed. D.F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Hobbs, R. Gerald. “Bucer, the Jews, and Judaism”. Jews, Judaism, and The Reformation in Sixteenth Century Germany. ed. Dean Phillip Bell, Stephen G. Burnett. Boston: Brill, 2006.
• Janz, Denis R. “Late Medieval Theology”. Reformation Theology. Ed. David Bagchi, David C. Steinmetz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Keleş, Hatice. “16. Yüzyıl Reform Hareketinin Bağımsız Devrimcisi; Andreas Bodestein von Karlstadt”. Aydınlanma, Tanrı ve Felsefe. ed. M. Şahiner, A. Altuncu. Ankara: İlahiyat, 2021.
• Liechty, Daniel. Early Anabaptist Spirituality. NewYork: Paulist, 1994.
• Lugioyo, Brian. Martin Bucer’s Doctrine of Justification, Reformation Theology and Early Modern Irenicism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
• Matheson, Peter. “Martin Bucer and Old Church”. Martin Bucer Reforming Church and Community. ed. D.F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• McLaughlin, Emmet. “Radicals”, Reformation and Early Modern Europe. ed. David M. Whitford. Missouri: Truman State University Press, 2008.
• McLaughlin, Emmet. “Spiritualism; Schwenckefeld and Franck”. A Companian to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521-1700. ed. John D. Roth-James M. Stayer. Boston: Brill, 2007.
• Rummel, Erika. The Confessionalization of Humanism in Reformation Germany. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Schirrmacher, Thomas. Advocate of Love Martin Bucer as Theologian and Pastor. Bonn: Culture-Science Publ., 2013.
• Stayer, James M. “Swiss-South German Anabaptism, 1526-1540”. A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521-1700. ed. John D. Roth-James M. Stayer. Boston: Brill, 2007.
• Stephens, Peter. Martin Bucer Reforming Church and Community. ed. D. F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Stephens, W. Peter, “The Theology of Zwingli”. Reformation Theology. ed. David Bagchi, David C. Steinmetz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Thompson, Nicholas. Eucharistic Sacrifice and Patristic Tradition in the Theology of Martin Bucer 1534-1546. Boston: Brill, 2005.
• Williams, George Huntston. The Radical Reformation. Missouri: Truman State University Press, 1992.
• Wright, David F. Martin Bucer, Reforming Church and Community. ed. D.F. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.