SUNBURN ON FRUITS: INDUCING FACTORS AND CONTROL MECHANIZMS

Öz

Sunburn is a major problem on the fruits growing in semiarid and arid regions, resulting up to 50% crop lost in orchards. Sunburn is caused by overheating of the fruit surfaces due to excessive levels of incoming solar radiation combined with high ambient air temperatures. The complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms of this skin blemish is, however, not fully understood. It has been hypothesized that sunburn damage may be partly due to the physiochemical properties of the molecules in fruit skins. The homogeneity, thickness and composition of the epicuticular wax layer, and the concentration and quantity of skin pigments could offer some protection against sunburn by increased reflection of visible and particularly infrared light accompanied by decreased fruit temperature. Recently different applications, considering the defense mechanism of the plants which are evolved resistance to sunburn, have been carried out to reduction of sunburn damage on fruit surfaces.

Anahtar Kelimeler

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MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI

Öz

Güneş yanıklığı, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde yetiştirilen meyvelerde önemli bir problem olup, bazı yıllarda %50’lere varan bir ürün kaybına neden olmaktadır. Güneş yanıklığı, yüksek derecedeki solar radyasyonla birlikte çevredeki yüksek hava sıcaklığı kombinasyonunun sebep olduğu meyve yüzeyinin aşırı ısınması sonucu oluşan fizyolojik bir bozukluktur. Fizyolojisinin karmaşıklığı nedeniyle, meyve yüzeyinin bozulmasının mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bir hipotez olarak; güneş yanıklığının oksidatif strese karşı bitkinin göstermiş olduğu savunma mekanizmasının bir göstergesi olduğu bildirilmektedir. Meyve tür ve çeşitlerinin güneş yanıklığına karşı göstermiş oldukları duyarlılık, meyve yüzeyinin fiziksel ve biyokimyasal özelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Epikutikula tabakasının homojenliği, kalınlığı ve bileşimi ile meyve yüzey pigmentlerinin niceliği gibi özellikler, görünür ve kızılötesi ışığın yansımasını artırmak suretiyle meyve yüzey sıcaklığını azaltarak güneş yanıklığına karşı bir koruma sağlarlar. Güneş yanıklığına neden olan etmenler ve bitkilerin güneş yanıklığına karşı geliştirmiş oldukları savunma mekanizmaları dikkate alınarak günümüzde birçok meyve türünde güneş yanıklığını azaltmak için değişik uygulamalar yapılmakta ve bu uygulamalar sonucunda güneş yanıklığı zararı önemli derecede azaltılabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meyve, Güneş Yanıklığı, Nedenleri, Biyokimyasal Mekanizma

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