Programming Education in Türkiye: An Evaluation from the Perspective of University Students
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 64, 2050 - 2068, 30.06.2025
Seyfullah Gökoğlu
,
Ramazan Alim Kozak
,
Rabia Yazlı
,
Zekiye Meral
Yusuf Meydan
Öz
Programming education is gaining importance in today's world. Computers are involved in every aspect of our lives, making programming a critical issue that needs to be considered. This study examines the perspectives of students studying in the programming departments of universities in Türkiye on programming education. A total of 409 undergraduate students from 41 universities in seven different regions of Türkiye participated in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire that assessed students' perspectives on satisfaction with programming education, its quality, and its contribution to professional preparation. The results show that students are generally dissatisfied with the programming education they have received and think that the education does not contribute sufficiently to the preparation for the profession. Students emphasized problems such as the lack of practice hours, inadequacy of teaching materials, and lack of experience in large-scale projects. Within the framework of the results obtained from the research, it is recommended that more emphasis should be placed on practice in programming teaching, courses should be supported with more visual and applied methods, and student opinions and feedback should be taken into consideration when planning curricula and teaching materials should be updated.
Proje Numarası
1919B012301122
Kaynakça
-
Akçay, A., & Çoklar, A. N. (2018). Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersi öğretmen adaylarının programlamaya ilişkin algılanan öz yeterliklerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(6), 2163-2176. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2904
-
Albayrak, E., & Polat, E. (2022). Pair programming experiences of prospective information technologies teachers. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 11(2), 351-363. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.991448
-
Arslan, K., & Akçelik, M. (2019). Programlama eğitiminde Scratch’in kullanılması: Öğretmen adaylarının tutum ve algıları. Ulusal Eğitim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.32960/uead.455502
-
Aydoğdu, Ş. (2020). The effect of block-based programming activities on pre-service teachers’ computer programming self-efficacy and computational thinking skills. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 10(1), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.649585
-
Benli, K. S., & Tek, F. B. (2021). Programlamaya giriş dersini alan öğrencilerin programlama öz yeterlilik algılarının ve programlamaya bakış açılarının i̇ncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(3), 328-347. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.770726
-
Çoban, E., Korkmaz, Ö., Çakir, R., & Ugur Erdogmus, F. (2020). Attitudes of IT teacher candidates towards computer programming and their self-efficacy and opinions regarding to block-based programming. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 4097-4114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10164-w
-
Doukakis, S., Papalaskari, M.-A., Vlamos, P., Plerou, A., & Giannopoulou, P. (2020). Undergraduate students’ brain activity in visual and textual programming. In P. Vlamos (Ed.), GeNeDis 2018 (ss. 425-435). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_40
-
Durak, A., & Bulut, V. (2023). Programlama eğitiminde öğrenci performansının makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile tahminlenmesi. International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences, 1(1), 118–120. https://doi.org/10.59287/icaens.977
-
Erol, O., & Kurt, A. A. (2017). BÖTE bölümü öğrencilerinin programlamaya karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(41), 314-325. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.64721
-
Fraenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th edition). McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
-
Gökoğlu, S. (2022). Computer programming self-efficacy scale for computer literacy education: Turkish validity and reliability study. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 529-551. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2022..-654547
-
Gömleksiz, M. N., & Pullu, E. K. (2020). Bilgisayar programcılığı bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgisayar programlama uygulamalarına ilişkin metaforik algıları. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 13(XLVIII), 3201-3226.
-
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
-
Irwan, I., Susanti, W., Desnelita, Y., Gustientiedina, G., Wongso, F., & Fudholi, A. (2022). Problem-based collaborative learning strategy in computer programming. SAR Journal - Science and Research, 40-45. https://doi.org/10.18421/sar51-05
-
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). The GuilfordPress.
-
Kuppuswami, S., & Vivekanandan, K. (2004). The effects of pair programming on learning efficiency in short programming assignments. Informatics in Education, 3(2), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2004.18
-
Macrides, E., Miliou, O., & Angeli, C. (2022). Programming in early childhood education: A systematic review. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 32, 100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100396
-
Napalit, F., Tanyag, B., So, C. L., Sy, C., & Pedro, J. R. S. (2023). Examining student experiences: Challenges and perception in computer programming. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2023.71
-
Özmen, B., & Altun, A. (2014). Undergraduate students’ experiences in programming: Difficulties and obstacles. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 5(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.20328
-
Özonur, M. (2022). Computer programming students’ learning motivation in programming courses. Journal of Advanced Education Studies, 4(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.48166/ejaes.1123170
-
Papadakis, S. (2018). Is pair programming more effective than solo programming for secondary education novice programmers?: A case study. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies (IJWLTT), 13(1).
-
Perin, A. P. J., dos S. Silva, D. E., & Valentim, N. M. C. (2023). Investigating block programming tools in high school to support Education 4.0: A systematic mapping study. Informatics in Education, 22(3), 463-498. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2023.21
-
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
-
Siegle, D. (2017). Technology: Encouraging creativity and problem solving through coding. Gifted Child Today, 40(2), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076217517690861
-
Susanti, W., Jama, J., Krismadinata, Ramadhani, D., & Nasution, T. (2021). An overviuw of the teaching and learning process basic programming in algorithm and programming courses. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(2), 2934-2944. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2332
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
-
Thorat, S. A., & Kshirsagar, D. P. (2021). Developing logic building, problem solving, and debugging programming skills among students. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 34, 402-406. https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2021/v34i0/157188
-
Thuné, M., & Eckerdal, A. (2018). Analysis of students’ learning of computer programming in a computer laboratory context. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(5), 769-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1544609
-
Ubaidah, U., & Loeis, M. (2022). Improving computer programming competency for first semester computer science students through immersive project-based learning. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 12(1), 179-189.
-
Ubaidullah, N. H., Mohamed, Z., Hamid, J., & Sulaiman, S. (2021). Discovering the role of problem-solving and discussion techniques in the teaching programming environment to improve students’ computational thinking skills. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(12), 615-623. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.12.1572
-
URL-1. (2024). Yükseköğretim program atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/
-
Yağcı, M. (2016). Effect of attitudes of information technologies (IT) preservice teachers and computer programming (CP) students toward programming on their perception regarding their self-sufficiency for programming. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1418–1432.
Türkiye’de Programlama Eğitimi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme
Yıl 2025,
Sayı: 64, 2050 - 2068, 30.06.2025
Seyfullah Gökoğlu
,
Ramazan Alim Kozak
,
Rabia Yazlı
,
Zekiye Meral
Yusuf Meydan
Öz
Programlama eğitimi, günümüz dünyasında giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bilgisayarların hayatımızın her alanında yer alması, programlamayı üzerinde düşünülmesi gereken bir konu haline getirmiştir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin programlama ile ilgili eğitim verilen bölümlerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin programlama eğitimine yönelik görüşlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tarama yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya, Türkiye’nin yedi farklı coğrafi bölgesinde bulunan 41 farklı üniversiteden toplam 409 lisans öğrencisi katılım sağlamıştır. Araştırma verileri, öğrencilerin programlama eğitimine yönelik memnuniyet, nitelik ve mesleğe hazırlamaya katkı ile ilgili görüşlerini değerlendiren 20 soruluk bir anket ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, öğrencilerin almış oldukları programlama eğitiminden genel olarak memnun olmadıklarını ve eğitimlerin mesleğe hazırlamaya yeterince katkıda bulunmadığını düşündüklerini göstermektedir. Öğrenciler, verilen programlama eğitimlerinde uygulama saatlerinin azlığı, öğretim materyallerinin yetersizliği ve büyük ölçekli projelerde deneyim kazandırma eksikliği gibi sorunları vurgulamışlardır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar çerçevesinde programlama eğitimlerinde uygulamaya daha fazla önem verilmesi, eğitimlerin daha görsel ve uygulamalı yöntemlerle desteklenmesi, eğitimler planlanırken öğrenci görüşleri ve geri bildirimlerinin dikkate alınması, öğretim materyallerinin güncellenmesi önerilmektedir.
Etik Beyan
Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumuzu beyan ederiz.
Destekleyen Kurum
Tübitak
Proje Numarası
1919B012301122
Teşekkür
Bu araştırma TÜBİTAK Bilim İnsanı Destek Programları Başkanlığı (BİDEB) tarafından yürütülen, 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı 2023 yılı 1. dönem kapsamında 1919B012301122 numarası ile desteklenen “Türkiye’de Programlama Eğitimi: Üniversite Öğrencileri Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme” başlıklı projeden türetilmiştir. Sağlanan destekten dolayı TÜBİTAK BİDEB’e teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Akçay, A., & Çoklar, A. N. (2018). Bilişim Teknolojileri ve Yazılım dersi öğretmen adaylarının programlamaya ilişkin algılanan öz yeterliklerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(6), 2163-2176. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2904
-
Albayrak, E., & Polat, E. (2022). Pair programming experiences of prospective information technologies teachers. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 11(2), 351-363. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.991448
-
Arslan, K., & Akçelik, M. (2019). Programlama eğitiminde Scratch’in kullanılması: Öğretmen adaylarının tutum ve algıları. Ulusal Eğitim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.32960/uead.455502
-
Aydoğdu, Ş. (2020). The effect of block-based programming activities on pre-service teachers’ computer programming self-efficacy and computational thinking skills. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 10(1), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.649585
-
Benli, K. S., & Tek, F. B. (2021). Programlamaya giriş dersini alan öğrencilerin programlama öz yeterlilik algılarının ve programlamaya bakış açılarının i̇ncelenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(3), 328-347. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.770726
-
Çoban, E., Korkmaz, Ö., Çakir, R., & Ugur Erdogmus, F. (2020). Attitudes of IT teacher candidates towards computer programming and their self-efficacy and opinions regarding to block-based programming. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 4097-4114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10164-w
-
Doukakis, S., Papalaskari, M.-A., Vlamos, P., Plerou, A., & Giannopoulou, P. (2020). Undergraduate students’ brain activity in visual and textual programming. In P. Vlamos (Ed.), GeNeDis 2018 (ss. 425-435). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32622-7_40
-
Durak, A., & Bulut, V. (2023). Programlama eğitiminde öğrenci performansının makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile tahminlenmesi. International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences, 1(1), 118–120. https://doi.org/10.59287/icaens.977
-
Erol, O., & Kurt, A. A. (2017). BÖTE bölümü öğrencilerinin programlamaya karşı tutumlarının incelenmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(41), 314-325. https://doi.org/10.21764/efd.64721
-
Fraenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th edition). McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
-
Gökoğlu, S. (2022). Computer programming self-efficacy scale for computer literacy education: Turkish validity and reliability study. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 529-551. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2022..-654547
-
Gömleksiz, M. N., & Pullu, E. K. (2020). Bilgisayar programcılığı bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgisayar programlama uygulamalarına ilişkin metaforik algıları. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 13(XLVIII), 3201-3226.
-
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
-
Irwan, I., Susanti, W., Desnelita, Y., Gustientiedina, G., Wongso, F., & Fudholi, A. (2022). Problem-based collaborative learning strategy in computer programming. SAR Journal - Science and Research, 40-45. https://doi.org/10.18421/sar51-05
-
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). The GuilfordPress.
-
Kuppuswami, S., & Vivekanandan, K. (2004). The effects of pair programming on learning efficiency in short programming assignments. Informatics in Education, 3(2), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2004.18
-
Macrides, E., Miliou, O., & Angeli, C. (2022). Programming in early childhood education: A systematic review. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 32, 100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2021.100396
-
Napalit, F., Tanyag, B., So, C. L., Sy, C., & Pedro, J. R. S. (2023). Examining student experiences: Challenges and perception in computer programming. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2023.71
-
Özmen, B., & Altun, A. (2014). Undergraduate students’ experiences in programming: Difficulties and obstacles. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 5(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.20328
-
Özonur, M. (2022). Computer programming students’ learning motivation in programming courses. Journal of Advanced Education Studies, 4(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.48166/ejaes.1123170
-
Papadakis, S. (2018). Is pair programming more effective than solo programming for secondary education novice programmers?: A case study. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies (IJWLTT), 13(1).
-
Perin, A. P. J., dos S. Silva, D. E., & Valentim, N. M. C. (2023). Investigating block programming tools in high school to support Education 4.0: A systematic mapping study. Informatics in Education, 22(3), 463-498. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2023.21
-
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.
-
Siegle, D. (2017). Technology: Encouraging creativity and problem solving through coding. Gifted Child Today, 40(2), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076217517690861
-
Susanti, W., Jama, J., Krismadinata, Ramadhani, D., & Nasution, T. (2021). An overviuw of the teaching and learning process basic programming in algorithm and programming courses. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(2), 2934-2944. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2332
-
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
-
Thorat, S. A., & Kshirsagar, D. P. (2021). Developing logic building, problem solving, and debugging programming skills among students. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 34, 402-406. https://doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2021/v34i0/157188
-
Thuné, M., & Eckerdal, A. (2018). Analysis of students’ learning of computer programming in a computer laboratory context. European Journal of Engineering Education, 44(5), 769-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2018.1544609
-
Ubaidah, U., & Loeis, M. (2022). Improving computer programming competency for first semester computer science students through immersive project-based learning. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 12(1), 179-189.
-
Ubaidullah, N. H., Mohamed, Z., Hamid, J., & Sulaiman, S. (2021). Discovering the role of problem-solving and discussion techniques in the teaching programming environment to improve students’ computational thinking skills. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(12), 615-623. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.12.1572
-
URL-1. (2024). Yükseköğretim program atlası. https://yokatlas.yok.gov.tr/
-
Yağcı, M. (2016). Effect of attitudes of information technologies (IT) preservice teachers and computer programming (CP) students toward programming on their perception regarding their self-sufficiency for programming. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1418–1432.