Eğitime Yeni Bir Bakış: Amartya Sen’in Kapasite Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 57, 2012 - 2038, 30.09.2023

Sakine Sincer

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1314892

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Amartya Sen tarafından geliştirilen kapasite yaklaşımını alanyazın taramasına dayalı olarak inceleyerek bu yaklaşımın eğitime bakışını ele almaktır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışmada araştırma yöntemi olarak geleneksel alanyazın taraması benimsenmiştir. Amartya Sen tarafından geliştirilen kapasite yaklaşımı son yıllarda gerek ilgili alanlarda çalışmalar yürüten bilim insanlarının gerekse politika yapıcıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Ekonominin vicdanı olarak anılan Sen, bu yaklaşımın çerçevesini çizerken özellikle refah, eşitlik ve adalet gibi kavramlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Amartya Sen’in ilk olarak ekonomi alanında kavramsallaştırdığı kapasite yaklaşımı yaklaşımının temelinde refah ekonomisi anlayışına yönelik bir eleştiri bulunmaktadır. Kapasite yaklaşımına göre kişinin, milletlerin ve ülkelerin refah düzeyi özgürlükler ve kapasiteler yoluyla tanımlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kapasite yaklaşımı ilk olarak ekonomi alanında geliştirilmiş bir yaklaşım olsa insan hayatının pek çok alanında etkili olan bir söylem ortam koymaktadır. Bu alanlardan birinin de eğitim olduğu görülmektedir. Eğitim, küresel kalkınma gündeminin yapıtaşlarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Eğitim söz konusu olduğunda, kapasite yaklaşımı eğitime erişim ve benzeri konuların ötesinde alternatif bir paradigma sunmaktadır. Bu noktada, kapasite yaklaşımı eğitimde standartlaşmaya şüphe ile yaklaşmaktadır. Kapasite yaklaşımına göre, eğitimin ilk ve öncelikli amacının, insanların istedikleri gibi bir hayat sürmelerini mümkün kılacak şekilde kapasitelerinin arttırılması olduğu belirtilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kapasite yaklaşımı, Amartya Sen, eğitim

Kaynakça

• Alkire, S. (2005). Why the capability approach? Journal of human development, 6(1), 115-135.
• Alkire, S. (2008a). Using the capability approach: Prospective and evaluative analyses. Journal of Human Development, 26-50.
• Alkire, S. (2008b). The capability approach to the quality of life. OPHI Research in Progress Series.
• Alkire, S., & Deneulin, S. (2009). Introducing the human development and capability approach. In An introduction to the human development and capability approach (Eds. Severine Deneulin and Lila Shahani), 22-48. London: IDRC.
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Writing narrative literature reviews. Review of General Psychology, 1(3), 311-320.
• Clark, D. A. (2005a). The capability approach: Its development, critiques and recent advances. Economic and Social Reearch Council Global Poverty Research Group Working Paper Series.
• Clark, D. A. (2005b). Sen's capability approach and the many spaces of human well-being. The Journal of Development Studies, 41(8), 1339-1368.
• Comim, F. (2001). Operationalizing Sen’s capability approach. Justice and Poverty: Examining Sen's Capability Approach Conference, Cambridge. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=tr&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Comim%2C+F.+%282001%29.+Operationalizing+Sen%E2%80%99s+capability+approach.+Justice+and+Poverty%3A+Examining+Sen%27s+Capability+Approach+Conference%2C+Cambridge.+%28ss.+1-16%29.&btnG= Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2020
• Cookson, R. (2005). QALYs and the capability approach. Health economics, 14(8), 817-829.
• Cronin, P., Ryan, F., & Coughlan, M. (2008). Undertaking a literature review: A step-by-step approach. British Journal of Nursing, 17(1), 38-43.
• Deneulin, S., & McGregor, J. A. (2010). The capability approach and the politics of a social conception of wellbeing. European Journal of Social Theory, 13(4), 501-519.
• Gasper, D. (1997). Sen's capability approach and Nussbaum's capabilities ethic. Journal of International Development, 9(2), 281-302.
• Gasper, D. (2002). Is Sen's capability approach an adequate basis for considering human development? Review of political economy, 14(4), 435-461.
• Gore, C. (1997). Irreducibly social goods and the informational basis of Amartya Sen's capability approach. Journal of International Development, 9(2), 235-250.
• Hart, C. S. (2012). The capability approach and education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 42(3), 275-282.
• Hick, R. (2012). The capability approach: Insights for a new poverty focus. Journal of Social Policy, 41(2), 291-308.
• HDCA (2020). https://hd-ca.org/ Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• Ibrahim, S. S. (2006). From individual to collective capabilities: the capability approach as aconceptual framework for self‐help. Journal of Human Development, 7(3), 397-416.
• Johnstone, J. (2007). Technology as empowerment: A capability approach to computer ethics. Ethics and Information Technology, 9(1), 73-87.
• Kleine, D. (2010). Using the choice framework to operationalise the capability approach to development. Journal of International Development, 22, 674-692.
• Kuklys, W., & Robeyns, I. (2005). Sen's capability approach to welfare economics. In Amartya Sen's Capability Approach (pp. 9-30). Springer.
• Külahoğlu, Ş. (2018). Eğitimde eşitlik politikalarının Amartya Sen’in kapasite yaklaşımı açısından analizi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(4), 1187-1194.
• Mitra, S. (2006). The capability approach and disability. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 16(4), 236-247.
• Nussbaum, M. (2000). Women and human development: The capabilities approach. Cambridge University Press.
• Oosterlaken, I. (2009). Design for development: A capability approach. Design Issues, 25(4), 91-102.
• Robeyns, I. (2000). An unworkable idea or a promising alternative? Sen’s capability approach re-examined discussion paper 00.30. Center for Economic Studies, University of Leuven: Leuven, Belgium.
• Robeyns, I. (2003). Sen's capability approach and gender inequality: selecting relevant capabilities. Feminist Economics, 9(2-3), 61-92.
• Robeyns, I. (2005). The capability approach: a theoretical survey. Journal of Human Development, 6(1), 93-117.
• Robeyns, I. (2006). The capability approach in practice. Journal of Political Philosophy, 14(3), 351-376.
• Saito, M. (2003). Amartya Sen's capability approach to education: A critical exploration. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 37(1), 17-33.
• Sen, A. (1985a). A sociological approach to the measurement of poverty: a reply to Professor Peter Townsend. Oxford Economic Papers, 37(4), 669-676.
• Sen, A. (1985b). Commodities and capabilities. Lectures in economics policy (Vol. 7).
• Sen, A. (1990). Development as capability expansion. The Community Development Reader, 41-58.
• Sen, A. (1992). Inequality reexamined. Oxford University Press.
• Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being. In The quality of life, (Eds. Martha C. Nussbaum and Amartya Sen), p. 30-53.
• Sen, A. (1994). Well-being, capability and public policy. Giornale degli economisti e annali di economia, 333-347.
• Sen, A. (1999). Democracy as a universal value. Journal of democracy, 10(3), 3-17.
• Sen, A. (2001). Development as freedom. Oxford University Press.
• Sen, A. (2004). Capabilities, lists, and public reason: Continuing the conversation. Feminist Economics, 10(3), 77-80.
• Sen, A. (2005). Human rights and capabilities. Journal of human development, 6(2), 151-166.
• Terzi, L. (2005). Beyond the dilemma of difference: The capability approach to disability and special educational needs. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39(3), 443-459.
• Toson, A. L. M., Burrello, L. C., & Knollman, G. (2013). Educational justice for all: The capability approach and inclusive education leadership. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(5), 490-506.
• Underwood, K., Valeo, A., & Wood, R. (2012). Understanding inclusive early childhood education: A capability approach. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 13(4), 290-299.
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP), (1990). Human development report 1990. http://www.hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/219/hdr_1990_en_complete_nostats.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP), (2000). The millennium development goals 2000. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Millennium.aspx Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP), The millennium development goals 2010. http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2010/MDG_Report_2010_En.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP), The millennium development goals 2015. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/mdg/the-millennium-development-goals-report-2015.html Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• United Nations Development Program (UNDP), http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/humandev Erişim Tarihi: 26 Nisan 2020.
• Unterhalter, E. (2003). Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: the potential of Sen's capability approach for sociologists of education. British Journal of Sociology of education, 24(5), 665-669.
• Walker, M. (2005). Amartya Sen's capability approach and education. Educational Action Research, 13(1), 103-110.
• WBG (1991). World Development Report: The challenge of development. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/5974/WDR%201991%20-%20English.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Erişim Tarihi: 27 Nisan 2020.,
• World Bank. (2020). https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education. Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2020
• Zheng, Y. (2009). Different spaces for e‐development: What can we learn from the capability approach? Information Technology for Development, 15(2), 66-82.
• Zimmermann, B. (2006). Pragmatism and the capability approach: Challenges in social theory and empirical research. European Journal of Social Theory, 9(4), 467-484.