Sohbet Robotları (Chatbots) ve Yabancı Dil Eğitimi

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 58, 2988 - 2999, 27.12.2023

Nevin Akkaya , Ladin Şengül

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1340781

Cited By: 1

Öz

İnsan zekâsının benzeri makineler yapma düşüncesiyle her geçen gün gelişen teknoloji yapay zekâ kavramını ve yapay zekâ ürünlerini hayatımızın bir parçası haline getirmiştir. Günlük hayatta kullandığımız çeşitli yapay zekâ uygulamalarından biri de sohbet robotlarıdır. İnsan olmayan bir varlıkla yani bir robot ile karşılıklı iletişim kurma anlamına gelen sohbet robotlarının kullanım alanlarından biri eğitim, özellikle de yabancı dil eğitimidir. Kişiselleştirilmiş eğitim fırsatı sunan sohbet robotları yabancı dil öğrenen öğrencilere istedikleri zaman ve istedikleri yerde hedef dilde konuşma ve pratik yapma imkânı sunmaktadır. Sohbet robotları, görev ve senaryo temelli dil pratiği yapma, dil bilgisi yanlışlarını düzeltme, materyal önerisinde bulunma gibi geliştirilebilir özelliklere sahiptir. Yabancı dil öğrenen bireylerin arkadaş veya öğretmenden ziyade bir robot ile iletişim kurmaları gerektiği için öğrencilerin hata yapma kaygıları azalarak motivasyonları yükselebilmektedir. Sohbet robotları sıkılmadan ve yorulmadan sürekli olarak konu tekrarları yapabilmekte, söz varlıklarını geliştirebilmektedir. Olumlu özelliklerinin yanı sıra sohbet robotlarının doğal iletişim süreçlerini içermemesi, kısıtlı konu alanlarına sahip olması, uzun ve karışık cümle yapılarını anlayamaması, İnternet temelli bilgilerin doğruluğu, öğrencilerin sohbet robotlarında kötü dil kullanımı veya insansı özelliklerinden dolayı psikolojik olarak bir bağ kurma ihtimalleri olası olumsuz sonuçları arasında sayılabilmektedir. Öte yandan günümüzün ve geleceğin eğitim teknolojilerinden olan sohbet robotlarının her geçen gelişerek daha iyi bir dil öğrenme aracı haline geldiği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle sohbet robotları yabancı dil öğretiminde etkili ve kullanışlı yardımcı araçlar olarak potansiyele sahip olduğu söylenebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sohbet robotları, yabacı dil eğitimi, yapay zekâ, dil eğitimi, robotlar.

Chatbots and Foreign Language Education

Öz

With the idea of making machines similar to human intelligence, the technology that develops day by day has made the concept of artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence products a part of our lives. One of the various artificial intelligence applications that we use in our daily life is chatbots. One of the areas of usage of Chatbots which is mean mutual communication with non-human, in other words a robot, is education particularly foreign language education. Chatbots, which offer personalized education opportunities, offer foreign language learners the opportunity to speak and practice in the target language whenever and wherever they want. Chatbots have developable feature such as task and scenario-based language practice, correcting grammatical mistakes and suggesting materials. As foreign language learners need to communicate with a robot rather than a friend or teacher, students’ anxiety about making mistakes can decrease and their motivation can increase. Chatbots can constantly repeat topics without getting bored and tired and improve student’ vocabulary. As well as positive features, chatbots do not include natural communication processes, have limited topics, inability to understand long and complex sentence structures, accuracy of internet-based information, toxic language use by students in chatbot or possibility of establishing a psychological bond due to their human-like characteristics can regardble among potential negative consequences. On the other hand, it is seen that chatbots, which are one of the educational technologies of today and the future, are becoming a better language learning tool by developing day by day. For this reason, it can be said that chatbots have the potential as effective and useful assistive tools in foreign language teaching.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chatbots, foreign language education, artificial intelligence, language education, robots.

Kaynakça

• Arsenijevic, U., & Jovic, M. (2019). Artificial intelligence marketing: chatbots. In 2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Applications and Innovations (pp. 19-22). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
• Arslan, K. (2020). Eğitimde yapay zeka ve uygulamaları. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 71-88.
• Barış, A. (2020). A new marketing tool: chatbot. GSI Journals Serie B: Advancements ın Business And Economics, 3(1), 31-46.
• Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Why people use chatbots. In I. Kompatsiaris, (Eds.), Internet Science INSCI 2017, Vol: 10673. Springer.
• Chantarotwong, B.(2006).The learning chatbot. https://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i256/f06/projects/bonniejc.pdf
• Chen, H., Liu, X., Yin,D., & Tang, J. (2017). A survey on dialogue systems: recent advances and new frontiers. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 19(2), 25–35.
• Cinglevue (2017). Learning and educational applications of chatbot technologies. https://www.cinglevue.com/learning-educationalapplications-chatbot-technologies/.
• Clarizia, F., Colace, F., Lombardi, M., Pascale, F., & Santaniello, D. (2018). Chatbot: an education support system for student. Castiglione, A., Pop, F., Ficco, M., Palmieri, F. (Eds.). Cyberspace Safety and Security (pp.291-302). Springer.
• Coniam, D. (2008). Evaluating the language resources of chatbots for their potential in english as a second language. ReCALL, 20(1), 98–116.
• Crutzen R., Peters G.J.Y., Portugal S.D., & Fisser E.M, (2011). Grolleman artificially intelligent chat agent that answers adolescents: an exploratory study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 514-519.
• Çamcı, B., & Karakaya, S. (2020). Eylemcil yüklemle üyeleri arasındaki zaman, kişi ve sayı uyumlarının yabancılara bir diyalog botu üzerinden etkileşimli öğretimi. Uzun, İ.P., Makaroğlu, B., Karaca, K. (Ed.) Genç Dilbilim Yazıları içinde (s.53-61).Dilbilim Derneği Yayınları.
• Çetin, M., & Aktaş, A. (2021). Yapay zeka ve eğitimde gelecek senaryoları. Opus Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(özel sayı), 4225-4268.
• Fryer, L. K., Ainley, M., Thompson, A., Gibson, A., & Sherlock, Z. (2017). Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: an experimental comparison of chatbot and human task partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 461– 468.
• Fryer, L., & Carpenter, R. (2006). Emerging technologies bots as language learning tools. Language Learning & Technology, 10(3), 8-14.
• Goda, Y., Yamada, M., Matsukawa, H., Hata, K., & Yasunami, S. (2014). Conservation with a chatbot before an online efl group discussion and the effecects on critical thinking. Information and Systems ın Education , 13(1), 1-7.
• Gondal, K. M. (2018). Artificial intelligence and educational leadership. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 24(4).
• Grudin, J., & Jacques, R. (2019). Chatbots, humbots, and the quest for artificial general intelligence. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1–11). ACM
• Haristiani, N. (2019). Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot as language learning medium: An ınquiry. In Journal of Physics Conference Series, Vol:1387 (pp.012020). IOP Pulishing.
• Heller, B., Proctor, M., Mah, D., Jewell, L., & Cheung, B. (2005). Freudbot: An investigation of chatbot technology in distance education. In P. Kommers, G. Richards (Eds.), Proceedings of EdMedia þ innovate learning 2005: Vol. 6 (pp. 3913–3918). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
• Hill, J., Ford, W. R., & Farreras, I. G. (2015). Real conversations with artificial intelligence: a comparison between human– human online conversations and human–chatbot conversations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 245–250.
• Huang, W., Hew, K. F., & Fryer, L. K. (2022). Chatbots for language learning—are they really useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 237–257.
• Hwang, G.J., & Chang, C.Y. (2021): A review of opportunities and challenges of chatbots ın education. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(7) s.1-14.
• Johnson, W. L. (2001). Pedagogical agent research at CARTE. AI Magazine, 22(4), 85–85.
• Khan R., & Das A. (2018). Build better chatbots: a complete guide to getting started with chatbots. Apress.
• Kim, H., Yang, H., Shin, D., & Lee, J.H. (2022). Desing principles and architecture of a second language learning chatbot. Language Learning & Technology, 26(1), 1-18.
• Kim, N. Y., Cha, Y., & Kim, H. S. (2019). Future English learning: chatbots and artificial intelligence. Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 22(3), 32–53.
• Komalavalli, K., Hemalatha, R., & Dhanalakshmi, S. (2020). A survey of artificial intelligence in smart phones and its applications among the students of higher education in and around chennai city. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 8(3), 89–95.
• Kuruca, Y., Üstüner, M., & Şimşek, I. (2022). Dijital pazarlamada yapay zeka kullanımı: sohbet robotu (chatbot). Medya ve Kültür, 2(1), 88-113.
• Kuşaksız, B., Yeşilbaş, C., Tunal, D., & Kayalar, S. (T.y.). Chatbot. Chatbot-iab912018131741.pdf (iabtr.org)
• Laurillard, D. (2013). Rethinking university teaching: a conversational framework for the effective use of learning technologies. Routledge.
• Matsuura, S., & Ishimura, R. (2017). Chatbot and dialogue demonstration with a humanoid robot in the lecture class. In Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction. Human and Technological Environments: 11th International Conference, (pp. 233-246). Springer International Publishing.
• McCarthy, J. (2004). What is artificial intelligence? https://www.ibm.com/topics#:~:text=While%20a%20number%20of%20definitions,machines%2C%20especially%20intelligent%20computer%20programs.
• Moppel, J. (2018). Socratic chatbot. Tartu University.
• Mutlu, Y. (2020). Kalıp sözlerin diyalog botu üzerine kodlanması. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 6(22), 261-288.
• Obschonka, M., & Audretsch, D.B. (2020). Artificial intelligence and big data in entrepreneurship: a new era has begun. Small Business Economics, 55, 529-539.
• Oxford Dictionaries (10.04.2023). Bot. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
• Oxford Dictionaries (10.04.2023). Chat. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
• Ruan, S., Willis, A., Xu, Q., Davis, G.M., Jiang, L., Brunskill, E., & Landay, J.A. (2018). Bookbuddy: turning digital materials into interactive language lessons through a voice chatbot. In Proceedings of the Sixth ACM conference on learning scale (pp.1-4). ACM.
• Seyitoğlu, Z. (2019). Türkiye’de dijital halka ilişkilerde değişen müşteri deneyimi: chatbot uygulamaları. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi
• Shorey, S., Ang, E., Yap, J., Ng, E. D., Lau, S. T., & Chui, C. K. (2019). A virtual counseling application using artificial intelligence for communication skills training in nursing education: development study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(10), 1-13.
• Smutny, P., & Schreiberova, P. (2020). Chatbots for learning: a review of educational chatbots for the facebook messenger. Computers & Education, 151, 1-11.
• TDK (10.04.2023). Chat. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• TDK(10.04.2023). Sohbet. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
• Tegos, S., Demetriadis, S., & Karakostas, A. (2015). Promoting academically productive talk with conversational agent interventions in collaborative learning settings. Computers & Education, 87, 309–325.
• Topçu, S., Şen, C., & Amasyalı, M.F. (2012). Türkçe sohbet robotu. T. Yıldırım, İ. Altaş, B. Bolat, E. Özkop (Düz.), ASYU 2012 Akıllı Sistemlerde Yenilikler ve Uygulamaları Sempozyumu içinde (s. 274-278). Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
• Tyen, G., Brenchley, M., Caines, A., & Buttery, P.(2022). Towards an open-domain chatbot for language practice. In Proceedings of the 17th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP For Building Educational Applivations (pp. 234-249), Association for Computational Linguistics.
• Vogel, J. (2017). Chatbots: development and applications. HTW Berlin University of Applied Sciences.
• Wu, E. H. K., Lin, C. H., Ou, Y. Y., Liu, C. Z., Wang, W. K., & Chao, C. Y. (2020). Advantages and constraints of a hybrid model K-12 e-learning assistant chatbot. IEEE Access, 8, 77788–77801.