Okul Başarısını Algılama Ölçeği: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması
Yıl 2024,
Sayı: 60, 975 - 994, 28.06.2024
Muammer Yüksel
,
Ömer Kutlu
Öz
Bu çalışma, ortaokul sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin tanımlanan okul başarısını algılama düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçme aracı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında okul başarı algısı; bireylerin çok yönlü gelişimlerinde okuldan edindikleri deneyim ve kazanımları hayatta karşılaştığı durumlarda uygulamaya koymadaki yeterliklerini fark etme düzeyleri olarak ifade edilebilir. Bunun için öncelikle alanyazın incelemesi yapılmıştır ve uzman görüşlerine dayalı olarak görüşme formu hazırlanarak bir grup öğrenci ile görüşülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerle ölçek için madde havuzu oluşturulmuş ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda ölçeğin taslak formu hazırlanmıştır. Daha sonra taslak ölçek formu 479 öğrenciye uygulanmış ve elde edilen verilerle açımlayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda 14 maddeden oluşan iki boyutlu bir ölçek yapısı elde edilmiştir. Bu yapıyı doğrulamak için 377 öğrenciden veri toplanmış ve ölçeğin faktör yapısı, kabul edilebilir uyum değerlerine dayalı olarak doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Ölçeğin cinsiyet için ölçme değişmezliği test edilmiş ve farklı gruplarda aynı yapının ölçüldüğü görülmüştür. Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve bileşik güvenirlik değerleri, ölçek için yeterli güvenirlik değerlerine ulaşıldığını göstermektedir. Böylece ölçeğin “Akademik Algı” ve “İçsel ve Sosyal Algı” olmak üzere iki alt boyuttan oluşarak öğrencilerin okul başarısını algılama düzeylerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Apple, M. W. (2012). Can education change society?. Routledge.
- Azevedo, J. (2013). Como se tece o (in)sucesso escolar: o papel crucial dos professores in Melhorar a Escola. Sucesso Escolar, Disciplina, Motivação, Direção de Escolas e Políticas Educativas. Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia da Universidade católica Portuguesa/Centro de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Humano (CEDH) & Serviço de Apoio à Melhoria das Escolas (SAME).
- Ball, S. J., Maguire, M., & Braun, A. (2012). How schools do policy: Policy enactments in secondary schools. Routledge.
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
- Buric´, I., & Soric´, I. (2012). The role of test hope and hopelessness in self-regulated learning: Relations between volitional strategies, cognitive appraisals and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(4), 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.03.011
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Byrne, B. M. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872-882. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18940097/
- Carter, D. (2016). A Nature-based social-emotional approach to supporting young children’s holistic development in classrooms with and without walls: The social-emotional and environmental education development (SEED) framework. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1), 9-24. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1120125.pdf
- Coburn, C. E. (2001). Collective sensemaking about reading: How teachers mediate reading policy in their professional communities. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 23(2), 145-170. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594127
- Connell, J. P. & Wellborn, J. G. (1991). Competence, autonomy, and relatedness: A motivational analysis of self-system processes. In M. R. Gunnar & L. A. Sroufe (Eds.), Self processes and development (pp. 43-77). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Cuban, L. (2003). Why is it so hard to get good schools?. Teachers College Press.
- Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Eato, L., & Learner, R. (1981). Relation of physical and social environment perceptions to adolescent self-esteem. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 139(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1981.10533444
- Eccles, J. S. (2004). Schools, academic motivation, and stage-environment fit. In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471726746.ch5
- Edgerton, E., McKechnie, J., & McEwen, S. (2011). Students’ perceptions of their school environments and the relationship with educational outcomes. Educational & Child Psychology, 28(2), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2011.28.1.33
- Edgerton, E., & McKechnie, J. (2023). The relationship between student's perceptions of their school environment and academic achievement. Front Psychol 1(13). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959259.
- Eren, E. (2007). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi. Beta Basım.
- Erkuş, A. (2012). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-1: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Gimenez, G., & Barrado, B. (2020). Exposure to crime and academic achievement: A case study for Costa Rica using PISA data. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100867
- Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society: Education in the age of insecurity. Teachers College Press.
- Hodgkinson, C. (1991). Educational leadership: The moral art. State University of New York Press.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Kara, A. & Şahin, C. (2019). İlkokul öğrencileri için başarı algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. 28. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. Tam Metin Kitabı içinde (s.1359-1364). Ankara, Türkiye.
- Kara, H., Yılmaz, M., & Kara, Y. (2022). Öğrencilerin başarı algılarının farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi: Bakırköy ilçesi örneği. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(104), 4001-4010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sss j.66240
- Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (24. Baskı). Nobel Yayınevi.
- Klem, A. M. & Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement. Journal of School Health, 74(7), 262-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
- Kutlu, Ö., Doğan, D., & Karakaya, İ. (2024). Ölçme ve değerlendirme: performansa ve portfolyoya dayalı durum belirleme (7. Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Long, R. F., Huebner, E. S., Wedell, D. H., & Hills, K. J. (2012). Measuring school-related subjective well-being in adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01130.x
- Maatta, E., Mykkanen, A. & Jarvela, S. (2016). Elementary schoolchildren’s selfand social perceptions of success. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 30(2), 170-184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1143418
- Martin, G., Richardson, A. S., Bergen, H. A., Roeger, L., & Allison, S. (2005). Perceived academic performance, self-esteem and locus of control as indicators of need for assessment of adolescent suicide risk: Implications for teachers. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.04.005
- Martins,C., Sanches, A., & Freire-Ribeiro, I. (2022). School success: concept, factors and strategies. Centro de Investigação em Educação Básica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Proceedings of EDULEARN22 Conference 4th-6th July 2022, Palma, Mallorca, Spain.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB), (2024). 2022 PISA Türkiye Raporu. MEB Yayınları.
- Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. Routledge.
- Noddings, N. (2005). What does it mean to educate the whole child?. Educational Leadership, 63(1), 8-13.
https://pdo.ascd.org/LMSCourses/PD13OC009M/media/WholeChild_M1_Reading1.pdf
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill.
- Odabaşı, Y., & Barış, G. (2005). Tüketici davranışı (5. Baskı). Mediacat Kitapları.
Osman, A., Ydhag, C. C., & Månsson, N. (2020). Recipe for educational success: A study of successful school performance of students from low social cultural background. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30(4), 359-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2020.1764379.
- Özdemir, S., Sezgin, F., Şirin, H., Karip, E., & Erkan S. (2010). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin okul iklimine ilişkin algılarını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(38), 213-224. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/87427
- Perry, L., & McConey, A. (2010). School socio-economic composition and student outcomes in Australia: Implications for educational policy. Australian Journal of Education, 54(1), 72-85. https://research.acer.edu.au/aje/vol54/iss1/5
- Pollock, K. (2013). Administrator and teachers' perceptions of school success in a publicly funded catholic school in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Catholic Education, 16(2), 309-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/joce.16020520123
- Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., & Balague, G. (1998). Achievement goals in sport: the development and validation of the perception of success questionnaire. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419808559362
- Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 7(2), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0702_6
Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Anı Yayıncılık.
- Shek, D. T., & Li, X. (2016). Perceived school performance, life satisfaction, and hopelessness: a 4-year longitudinal study of adolescents in Hong Kong. Soc Indic Res, 126(2), 921-934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0904-y
- Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edition). Allyn and Bacon.
- Tezbaşaran, A. (1997). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
- Tian, S., & Sun, Z. (2018). Academic achievement assessment: Principles and methodology. Springer.
- Uslukaya, A., Demirtaş, Z., & Alanoğlu, M. (2022). Perceived-teacher presenteeism scale: A scale development study. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(4), 848-866. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1127664
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Wang, M. T., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ perceptions of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school. Am. Educ. Res. J. 47(3), 633-662. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209361209
- Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2004). What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41(2), 237-269. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041002237
- Winton, S. (2013). How schools define success: The influence of local contexts on the meaning of success in three schools in Ontario, Canada. Canadian and International Education, 42(1), 1-16. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cie-eci/vol42/iss1/5
School Success Perception Scale: Reliability and Validity Study
Yıl 2024,
Sayı: 60, 975 - 994, 28.06.2024
Muammer Yüksel
,
Ömer Kutlu
Öz
This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine eighth grade secondary school students’ school success perception levels. For this purpose an interview form was prepared based on literature review and expert opinions and a group of students were interviewed. With the data obtained, an item pool for the scale was created, and a draft form was prepared in line with expert opinions. Then, the draft scale form was applied to 479 students, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the obtained data. As a result of the analysis, a two-dimensional scale structure consisting of 14 items was obtained. Data were collected from 377 students to verify this structure, and the factor structure of the scale was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis based on acceptable fit values. The measurement invariance of the scale for gender was tested, and it was seen that the same structure was measured in different groups. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and composite reliability values show that sufficient reliability values have been achieved for the scale. Thus, the scale consists of two sub-dimensions: "Academic Perception" and "Internal and Social Perception". It was concluded that it is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used
Kaynakça
- Apple, M. W. (2012). Can education change society?. Routledge.
- Azevedo, J. (2013). Como se tece o (in)sucesso escolar: o papel crucial dos professores in Melhorar a Escola. Sucesso Escolar, Disciplina, Motivação, Direção de Escolas e Políticas Educativas. Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia da Universidade católica Portuguesa/Centro de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Humano (CEDH) & Serviço de Apoio à Melhoria das Escolas (SAME).
- Ball, S. J., Maguire, M., & Braun, A. (2012). How schools do policy: Policy enactments in secondary schools. Routledge.
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
- Buric´, I., & Soric´, I. (2012). The role of test hope and hopelessness in self-regulated learning: Relations between volitional strategies, cognitive appraisals and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(4), 523-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.03.011
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Byrne, B. M. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872-882. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18940097/
- Carter, D. (2016). A Nature-based social-emotional approach to supporting young children’s holistic development in classrooms with and without walls: The social-emotional and environmental education development (SEED) framework. The International Journal of Early Childhood Environmental Education, 4(1), 9-24. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1120125.pdf
- Coburn, C. E. (2001). Collective sensemaking about reading: How teachers mediate reading policy in their professional communities. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 23(2), 145-170. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3594127
- Connell, J. P. & Wellborn, J. G. (1991). Competence, autonomy, and relatedness: A motivational analysis of self-system processes. In M. R. Gunnar & L. A. Sroufe (Eds.), Self processes and development (pp. 43-77). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Cuban, L. (2003). Why is it so hard to get good schools?. Teachers College Press.
- Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Eato, L., & Learner, R. (1981). Relation of physical and social environment perceptions to adolescent self-esteem. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 139(1), 143-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1981.10533444
- Eccles, J. S. (2004). Schools, academic motivation, and stage-environment fit. In Handbook of Adolescent Psychology. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780471726746.ch5
- Edgerton, E., McKechnie, J., & McEwen, S. (2011). Students’ perceptions of their school environments and the relationship with educational outcomes. Educational & Child Psychology, 28(2), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2011.28.1.33
- Edgerton, E., & McKechnie, J. (2023). The relationship between student's perceptions of their school environment and academic achievement. Front Psychol 1(13). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959259.
- Eren, E. (2007). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi. Beta Basım.
- Erkuş, A. (2012). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-1: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Gimenez, G., & Barrado, B. (2020). Exposure to crime and academic achievement: A case study for Costa Rica using PISA data. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100867
- Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching in the knowledge society: Education in the age of insecurity. Teachers College Press.
- Hodgkinson, C. (1991). Educational leadership: The moral art. State University of New York Press.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Kara, A. & Şahin, C. (2019). İlkokul öğrencileri için başarı algısı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. 28. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi. Tam Metin Kitabı içinde (s.1359-1364). Ankara, Türkiye.
- Kara, H., Yılmaz, M., & Kara, Y. (2022). Öğrencilerin başarı algılarının farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi: Bakırköy ilçesi örneği. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(104), 4001-4010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sss j.66240
- Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (24. Baskı). Nobel Yayınevi.
- Klem, A. M. & Connell, J. P. (2004). Relationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement. Journal of School Health, 74(7), 262-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
- Kutlu, Ö., Doğan, D., & Karakaya, İ. (2024). Ölçme ve değerlendirme: performansa ve portfolyoya dayalı durum belirleme (7. Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Long, R. F., Huebner, E. S., Wedell, D. H., & Hills, K. J. (2012). Measuring school-related subjective well-being in adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(1), 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01130.x
- Maatta, E., Mykkanen, A. & Jarvela, S. (2016). Elementary schoolchildren’s selfand social perceptions of success. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 30(2), 170-184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1143418
- Martin, G., Richardson, A. S., Bergen, H. A., Roeger, L., & Allison, S. (2005). Perceived academic performance, self-esteem and locus of control as indicators of need for assessment of adolescent suicide risk: Implications for teachers. Journal of Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.04.005
- Martins,C., Sanches, A., & Freire-Ribeiro, I. (2022). School success: concept, factors and strategies. Centro de Investigação em Educação Básica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança Proceedings of EDULEARN22 Conference 4th-6th July 2022, Palma, Mallorca, Spain.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB), (2024). 2022 PISA Türkiye Raporu. MEB Yayınları.
- Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical approaches to measurement invariance. Routledge.
- Noddings, N. (2005). What does it mean to educate the whole child?. Educational Leadership, 63(1), 8-13.
https://pdo.ascd.org/LMSCourses/PD13OC009M/media/WholeChild_M1_Reading1.pdf
- Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd Edition). McGraw-Hill.
- Odabaşı, Y., & Barış, G. (2005). Tüketici davranışı (5. Baskı). Mediacat Kitapları.
Osman, A., Ydhag, C. C., & Månsson, N. (2020). Recipe for educational success: A study of successful school performance of students from low social cultural background. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 30(4), 359-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620214.2020.1764379.
- Özdemir, S., Sezgin, F., Şirin, H., Karip, E., & Erkan S. (2010). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin okul iklimine ilişkin algılarını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(38), 213-224. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/87427
- Perry, L., & McConey, A. (2010). School socio-economic composition and student outcomes in Australia: Implications for educational policy. Australian Journal of Education, 54(1), 72-85. https://research.acer.edu.au/aje/vol54/iss1/5
- Pollock, K. (2013). Administrator and teachers' perceptions of school success in a publicly funded catholic school in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Catholic Education, 16(2), 309-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/joce.16020520123
- Roberts, G. C., Treasure, D. C., & Balague, G. (1998). Achievement goals in sport: the development and validation of the perception of success questionnaire. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419808559362
- Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 7(2), 94-111. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532480XADS0702_6
Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi. Anı Yayıncılık.
- Shek, D. T., & Li, X. (2016). Perceived school performance, life satisfaction, and hopelessness: a 4-year longitudinal study of adolescents in Hong Kong. Soc Indic Res, 126(2), 921-934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0904-y
- Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Edition). Allyn and Bacon.
- Tezbaşaran, A. (1997). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
- Tian, S., & Sun, Z. (2018). Academic achievement assessment: Principles and methodology. Springer.
- Uslukaya, A., Demirtaş, Z., & Alanoğlu, M. (2022). Perceived-teacher presenteeism scale: A scale development study. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 9(4), 848-866. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1127664
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Wang, M. T., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ perceptions of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school. Am. Educ. Res. J. 47(3), 633-662. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209361209
- Westheimer, J., & Kahne, J. (2004). What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41(2), 237-269. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041002237
- Winton, S. (2013). How schools define success: The influence of local contexts on the meaning of success in three schools in Ontario, Canada. Canadian and International Education, 42(1), 1-16. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cie-eci/vol42/iss1/5