Araştırma Makalesi
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Development of Environmental Literacy Tool for Children (8-9 years old): Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 1225 - 1258, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1408170

Öz

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure the environmental literacy level of 8-9 year old students. The study group of the research consisted of 516 third grade and 238 fourth grade students studying in primary schools in the centre of Karaman province. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the construct validity of the Environmental Literacy Instrument for Children (ELIC). The ELIC consists of three sub-dimensions: environmental knowledge test, scale of affective dispositions towards the environment and scale of responsible behaviour towards the environment. The environmental knowledge test consists of a total of 22 questions, 10 questions in the environmental knowledge sub-dimension and 12 questions in the environmental problems sub-dimension. The KR 20 reliability coefficient of the environmental knowledge test was found to be .74. The scale of affective dispositions towards the environment consists of a total of 22 items, including 11 items in the positive attitude sub-dimension, 6 items in the negative attitude sub-dimension and 5 items in the environmental protection awareness sub-dimension. The cronbach alpha values of the EFL scale were calculated as .79 for the positive attitude dimension, .73 for the negative attitude dimension, .73 for the environmental protection awareness dimension and .84 for the whole scale. The environmentally responsible behaviour scale consists of a total of 17 items, including 6 items in the political behaviour dimension, 7 items in the consumer and persuasion dimension and 4 items in the eco-management dimension. The cronbach alpha values of the environmentally responsible behaviour scale were calculated as .81 for the political behaviour dimension, .75 for the consumer and persuasion behaviour dimension, .78 for the eco-management dimension and .84 for the whole scale. It was found that the scales in the ELIC are related to each other and that the instrument is a valid and reliable measure of environmental literacy as a result of the analyses.

Kaynakça

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  • Alpar, R. (2014). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Ankara: Detay.
  • Babulski, K., Gannett, C., Myers, K., Peppel, K., & Williams, R. (1999). A White paper on the relationship between school reform and environmental education in Florida correlating Florida’s Sunshine state standards and an environmental literacy framework. Melbourne, FL: Research paper, Science Education Department, Florida Institute of Technology.
  • Bala, R., Singh, S., & Sharma, K. K. (2023). Relationship between environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, environmental attitude and environmental behavioural intention–a segmented mediation approach. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-08-2021-0202.
  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0.
  • Bogan, M. B., & Kromrey, J. D. (1996). Measuring the environmental literacy of high school students. Florida Journal of Educational Research, 36(1), 62-70. https://journals.flvc.org/fjer/article/view/133653.
  • Bogner, F. (1998). The influence of short-term outdoor ecology education on long-term variables of environmental perspectives. The Journal of Environmental Education, 29(4), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958969809599124
  • Bartiaux, F. (2008). Does environmental information overcome practice compartmentalisation and change consumers' behaviours? Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(11), 1170-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.08.013
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Childress, R. B., & Wert, J. (1976). Challenges for environmental education planners. The Journal of Environmental Education, 7(4), 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1976.9941539
  • Chu, H. E., Lee, E. A., Ko, H. R., Shin, D. H., Lee, M. N., Min, B. M., & Kang, K. H. (2007). Korean year 3 children's environmental literacy: A prerequisite for a Korean environmental education curriculum. International Journal of Science Education, 29(6), 731-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690600823532
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 55, 1019-1031. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
  • Creswell, L, J. W. (2016). Araştırma deseni nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. (Çev. Ed. S. B. Demir). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Crocker, L. M., & Algina, J. (2008). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning.
  • Culen, G. R. (2001). The status of environmental education with respect to the goal of responsible citizenship behavior. İçinde H.R. Hungerford, W.J. Bluhm, T.L. Volk, and J.M. Ramsey, Essential Readings in Environmental Education. Champaign, Illinois: Stipes.
  • Cummins, S., & Snively, G. (2000). The effect of instruction on children’s knowledge of marine ecology, attitudes toward the ocean, and stances toward marine resource issues. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 5, 305-326.
  • Çokluk, Ö. Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lisrel uygulamaları (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Covitt, B., Kraemer, A., & Zint, M. (2002). What works in environmental education? An evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Foundation curricula, field trips, and service-learning programs. Boston, MA: North American Association for Environmental Education.
  • Daniš, P. (2013). A new definition of environmental literacy and a proposal for its international assessment in PISA 2015. Envigogika, 8(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18023061.419
  • Davis, J. (2009). Revealing the research “hole” of early childhood education for sustainability: A preliminary survey of the literature. Environmental Education Research, 15(2), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620802710607
  • Disinger, J. F., & Roth, C. E. (1992). Environmental education research news. Environmentalist, 12(3), 165-68.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2009). Fifth grade students' environmental literacy and the factors affecting students' environmentally responsible behaviors. Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Erdoğan, M., Marcinowski, T., & Ok, A. (2009). Content analysis of selected features of K-8 environmental education research studies in Turkey:1997-2007. Environmental Education Research, 15(5), 525-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620903085776
  • Erdoğan, M. (2011). Ekoloji temelli yaz doğa eğitimi programının ilköğretim öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik bilgi, duyuşsal eğilimler ve sorumlu davranışlarına etkisi. Kuramdan Uygulamaya Egitim Bilimleri - Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 11(4), 2223-2237.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S.Y. (2012). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 33(1), 210-23. https://10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
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Çocuklar (8-9 yaş) için Çevre Okuryazarlığı Aracı Geliştirilmesi (ÇİÇOA): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 60, 1225 - 1258, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1408170

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı 8-9 yaş öğrencilerinin çevre okuryazarlık düzeyini ölçmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Karaman ili merkeze bağlı ilkokullarda eğitim-öğretim gören 516 üçüncü sınıf ve 238 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Çocuklar için Çevre Okuryazarlığı Aracının (ÇİÇOA) yapı gerçerliğini test etmek için açımlayıcı ve doğrulaycı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. ÇİÇOA çevre bilgisi testi, çevreye yönelik duyuşsal eğilimler ölçeği ve çevreye yönelik sorumlu davranış ölçeği olmak üzere üç alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Çevre bilgisi testinde çevre bilgisi alt boyutunda 10 soru ve çevre sorunları alt boyutunda 12 soru olmak üzere toplam 22 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Çevre bilgisi testinin KR 20 güvenirlik katsayısı .74 olarak bulunmuştur. Çevreye yönelik duyuşsal eğilimler (ÇYDE) ölçeği olumlu tutum alt boyutunda 11 madde, olumsuz tutum alt boyutunda 6 madde ve çevre koruma bilinci alt boyutunda 5 madde olmak üzere toplam 22 maddeden oluşmaktadır. ÇYDE ölçeğinin cronbach alpha değerleri olumlu tutum boyutu için .79 olumsuz tutum boyutu için .73, çevre koruma bilinci boyutu için .73 ve ölçeğin tamamı için .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çevreye yönelik sorumlu davranış (ÇYSD) ölçeği politik davranış boyutunda 6 madde, tüketici ve ikna boyutunda 7 madde ve eko-yönetim boyutunda 4 madde olmak üzere toplam 17 maddeden oluşmaktadır. ÇYSD ölçeğinin cronbach alpha değerleri politik davranış boyutu için .81, tüketici ve ikna davranışı boyutu için.75, eko yönetim boyutu için .78 ve ölçeğin tamamı için .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. ÇİÇOA’da yer alan ölçeklerin birbiriyle ilişkili olduğu ve yapılan analizler sonucunda aracın çevre okuryazarlığını ölçebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Etik Beyan

Ölçme aracının uygulama aşamasına geçmeden önce Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü aracılığı ile Etik kurul iznine başvurulmuştur. Gazi Üniversitesi Etik Komisyonu tarafından verilen 2021 – 1016 araştırma kod nolu ve E-77082166-302.08.01-210324 sayılı onay yazısıyla etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Daha sonra Karaman il merkezindeki ilkokullarda uygulama yapabilmek için Karaman İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne izin başvurusunda bulunulmuştur. Karaman İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünden gelen E-99371540-605.01-38269067 sayılı onay yazsıyla uygulama süreci başlatılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan katılımcılara araştırmanın gönüllük esasına bağlı olarak yürütüleceğini ve yapmak istemedikleri takdirde yarım bırakabilecekleri ifade edilmiştir. Ek olarak katılımcıların kişisel bilgilerinin sadece araştırma kapsamında kullanılacağı ve ikincil kişilerle paylaşılmayacağı belirtilmiştir. Araştırmanın uygulama ve veri toplama süreci eğitim-öğretimi aksatmayacak biçimde tasarlanmıştır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma ikinci yazar danışmanlığında birinci yazarın doktora tez çalışmasından üretilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür.
  • Alpar, R. (2014). Spor, sağlık ve eğitim bilimlerinden örneklerle uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Ankara: Detay.
  • Babulski, K., Gannett, C., Myers, K., Peppel, K., & Williams, R. (1999). A White paper on the relationship between school reform and environmental education in Florida correlating Florida’s Sunshine state standards and an environmental literacy framework. Melbourne, FL: Research paper, Science Education Department, Florida Institute of Technology.
  • Bala, R., Singh, S., & Sharma, K. K. (2023). Relationship between environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, environmental attitude and environmental behavioural intention–a segmented mediation approach. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(1), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-08-2021-0202.
  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0.
  • Bogan, M. B., & Kromrey, J. D. (1996). Measuring the environmental literacy of high school students. Florida Journal of Educational Research, 36(1), 62-70. https://journals.flvc.org/fjer/article/view/133653.
  • Bogner, F. (1998). The influence of short-term outdoor ecology education on long-term variables of environmental perspectives. The Journal of Environmental Education, 29(4), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958969809599124
  • Bartiaux, F. (2008). Does environmental information overcome practice compartmentalisation and change consumers' behaviours? Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(11), 1170-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.08.013
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Childress, R. B., & Wert, J. (1976). Challenges for environmental education planners. The Journal of Environmental Education, 7(4), 2-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1976.9941539
  • Chu, H. E., Lee, E. A., Ko, H. R., Shin, D. H., Lee, M. N., Min, B. M., & Kang, K. H. (2007). Korean year 3 children's environmental literacy: A prerequisite for a Korean environmental education curriculum. International Journal of Science Education, 29(6), 731-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690600823532
  • Cole, D. A. (1987). Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 55, 1019-1031. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/0022-006X.55.4.584
  • Creswell, L, J. W. (2016). Araştırma deseni nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. (Çev. Ed. S. B. Demir). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
  • Crocker, L. M., & Algina, J. (2008). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning.
  • Culen, G. R. (2001). The status of environmental education with respect to the goal of responsible citizenship behavior. İçinde H.R. Hungerford, W.J. Bluhm, T.L. Volk, and J.M. Ramsey, Essential Readings in Environmental Education. Champaign, Illinois: Stipes.
  • Cummins, S., & Snively, G. (2000). The effect of instruction on children’s knowledge of marine ecology, attitudes toward the ocean, and stances toward marine resource issues. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 5, 305-326.
  • Çokluk, Ö. Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2016). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lisrel uygulamaları (4. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Covitt, B., Kraemer, A., & Zint, M. (2002). What works in environmental education? An evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Foundation curricula, field trips, and service-learning programs. Boston, MA: North American Association for Environmental Education.
  • Daniš, P. (2013). A new definition of environmental literacy and a proposal for its international assessment in PISA 2015. Envigogika, 8(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18023061.419
  • Davis, J. (2009). Revealing the research “hole” of early childhood education for sustainability: A preliminary survey of the literature. Environmental Education Research, 15(2), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620802710607
  • Disinger, J. F., & Roth, C. E. (1992). Environmental education research news. Environmentalist, 12(3), 165-68.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2009). Fifth grade students' environmental literacy and the factors affecting students' environmentally responsible behaviors. Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
  • Erdoğan, M., Marcinowski, T., & Ok, A. (2009). Content analysis of selected features of K-8 environmental education research studies in Turkey:1997-2007. Environmental Education Research, 15(5), 525-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620903085776
  • Erdoğan, M. (2011). Ekoloji temelli yaz doğa eğitimi programının ilköğretim öğrencilerinin çevreye yönelik bilgi, duyuşsal eğilimler ve sorumlu davranışlarına etkisi. Kuramdan Uygulamaya Egitim Bilimleri - Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 11(4), 2223-2237.
  • Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S.Y. (2012). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 33(1), 210-23. https://10.5336/medsci.2011-26747
  • Esa, N. (2010). Environmental knowledge, attitude and practices of student teachers. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 19(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382040903545534
  • Field, A. P. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS: and sex and drugs and rock 'n' roll (third edition). London: Sage publications.
  • Gruenewald, D. A., & Manteaw, B. O. (2007). Oil and water still: How no child left behind limits and distorts environmental education in U.S. schools. Environmental Education Research, 13(2), 171-188. https://10.1080/13504620701284944
  • Hart, E. P. (1981). Identification of key characteristics of environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 13(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1981.9943018
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  • Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: convenfional criteria versus new alternafives. Structural equafion modelling. Ref. Bibliográfica, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540 118
  • Hungerford, H. R., Peyton, R. B., & Wilke, R. J. (1980). Goals for curriculum development in environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 11(3), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1980.9941381
  • Hungerford, H. R., & Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing learner behavior through environmental education. The journal of environmental education, 21(3), 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1990.10753743
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. New York: Routledge.
  • Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
  • Leeming, F. C., Dwyer, W. O., & Bracken, B. A. (1995). Children’s environmental attitude and knowledge scale: Construction and validation. The Journal of Environmental Education, 26(3), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1995.9941442
  • Louv, R. (2019). Doğadaki son çocuk: Çocuklarımzıdaki doğa yoksunluğu ve doğanın sağaltıcı gücü. (7. Baskı) (C. Temürcü, Çev. Ed.) Ankara: TÜBİTAK.
  • MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological methods, 4(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84
  • McBeth, W. (2006). National environmental literacy assessment of middle school students in the U.S. Washington, D.C.: NAAEE.
  • McBeth, W., Volk, T., Meyers, R., Marcinkowski, T., Hungerford, H., & Simmons, D. (2007). A national environmental literacy assessment. A paper presented at34th North American Association for Environmental Education Annual Conference and Research Symposium, Virginia Beach, The USA, 14-17, Kasım.
  • MEB (2018a). Hayat bilgisi dersi öğretim programı. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ Dosyalar/2018122171428547-HAYAT%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0S%C4%B0%C 3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI.pdf.
  • MEB (2018b). Fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programı. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ Dosyalar/201812312311937FEN%20B%C4%B0L%C4%B0MLER%C4%B0%20%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI2018.pdf.
  • Morrone, M., Mancl, K., & Carr, K. (2001). Development of a metric to test group differences in ecological knowledge as one component of environmental literacy. The journal of environmental education, 32(4), 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958960109598661
  • Musser, L. M., & Malkus, A. J. (1994). The childrens attitudes toward the environment scale. Journal of Environmental Education, 25(3), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1994.9941954
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  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2020). Çok değişkenli istatistiklerin kullanımı. (M. Baloğlu, Çev. Ed.) Ankara: Nobel Akademi.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumları ölçme ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Pegem.
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association.
  • Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2006). The research methods knowledge base Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog. UNESCO (2007). The UN decade for education for sustainable development: The first two years. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001540/154093e.pdf.
  • Volk, T., & McBeth, W. (1997). Environmental literacy in the Unites States: What should be What is Getting from here to there. A report funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and submitted to the Environmental Education and Training Partnership, NAAEE. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.
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  • Zandviet, D. (2007). Learning environments for environmental education. www.aare.edu.au/07pap/zan07609.pdf.
  • Zeng, Z., Zhong, W., & Naz, S. (2023). Can environmental knowledge and risk perception make a difference? The role of environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior in fostering sustainable consumption behavior. Sustainability, 15(6), 4791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064791
  • Zhang, W., Xu, R., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2021). How environmental knowledge management promotes employee green behavior: An empirical study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4738. https://10.3390/ijerph18094738
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ölçek Geliştirme, Sınıf Eğitimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gizem Tabaru Örnek 0000-0002-4152-4324

Selma Yel 0000-0002-9624-6966

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Tabaru Örnek, G., & Yel, S. (2024). Çocuklar (8-9 yaş) için Çevre Okuryazarlığı Aracı Geliştirilmesi (ÇİÇOA): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(60), 1225-1258. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1408170