Neuroscientific Perspective On Montessori, Reggio Emilia and High Scope Education Approaches

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 61, 2159 - 2186, 27.09.2024

Kadriye Balkıç , Hacer Tekerci

https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1440576

Öz

It can be seen that many alternative education approaches that have emerged in different regions of the world and are used throughout the world are being implemented. The most widely accepted educational approaches, especially within the scope of early childhood education; It has been noted that there are many other approaches along with Montessori, Reggio Emilia and High Scope education approaches. In this study, it was aimed to examine and evaluate three early childhood education approaches from a neuroscientific perspective in line with secondary research data and information in the literature. In line with the findings obtained, certain focal concepts of the approaches were determined and presented in tables. The effects of early childhood education approaches, which are the focus of the study, on focal concepts that are thought to affect brain development in a multifaceted way, directly or indirectly, and their neuroscientific results, are discussed. As a result of the research, it is thought to be effective from a neuroscientific perspective; It has been concluded that studies such as environment, materials, movement, art studies, social environment, real life experiences, creativity, independence and outdoor activities support brain development. In line with the results obtained, suggestions were made to researchers and educators.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neuroscience, early childhood, brain development, learning

Montessori, Reggio Emilia ve High Scope Eğitim Yaklaşımları: Nörobilimsel Bir Gözden Geçirme Çalışması

Öz

.Dünya’nın farklı bölgelerinde ortaya çıkan ve Dünya genelinde kullanılan birçok alternatif eğitim yaklaşımının uygulandığı görülmektedir. Özellikle erken çocukluk eğitimi kapsamında en yaygın kabul gören eğitim yaklaşımlarının; Montessori, Reggio Emilia ve High Scope eğitim yaklaşımı ile birlikte daha birçok yaklaşımının olduğu dikkati çekmiştir. Bu çalışmada üç erken çocukluk eğitim yaklaşımı ikincil araştırma verileri ve alan yazında yer alan bilgiler doğrultusunda nörobilimsel bakış açısıyla incelenerek değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda yaklaşımların belirli odak kavramları belirlenmiş ve tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın odak noktasında yer alan erken çocukluk eğitim yaklaşımlarının, beyin gelişimini çok yönlü ve doğrudan ya da dolaylı etkilediği düşünülen odak kavramlar ve nörobilimsel sonuçlarına yönelik etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda nörobilimsel açıdan etkili olduğu düşünülen; çevre, materyaller, hareket, sanat çalışmaları, sosyal ortam, gerçek yaşam deneyimleri, yaratıcılık, bağımsızlık, açık alan etkinlikleri gibi çalışmaların beyin gelişimini destekleyici olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmacılara ve eğitimcilere öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nörobilim, erken çocukluk, beyin gelişimi, öğrenme

Montessori Reggio Emilia et l'approche High Scope : une étude de revue neuroscientifique

Öz

On constate que de nombreuses approches éducatives alternatives apparues dans différentes régions du monde et utilisées dans le monde entier sont mises en œuvre. Les approches éducatives les plus largement acceptées, notamment dans le cadre de l’éducation de la petite enfance ; Il a été noté qu'il existe de nombreuses autres approches aux côtés des approches pédagogiques Montessori, Reggio Emilia et High Scope. Dans cette étude, il s’agissait d’examiner et d’évaluer trois approches d’éducation de la petite enfance d’un point de vue neuroscientifique, conformément aux données de recherche secondaire et aux informations de la littérature. Conformément aux résultats obtenus, certains concepts centraux des approches ont été déterminés et présentés sous forme de tableaux. Les effets des approches éducatives de la petite enfance, qui font l'objet de l'étude, sur les concepts ciblés et les résultats neuroscientifiques censés affecter le développement du cerveau de manière multiforme, directement ou indirectement, sont discutés. À la suite de la recherche, on pense que ce produit est efficace d’un point de vue neuroscientifique ; Il a été conclu que des études telles que l'environnement, les matériaux, le mouvement, les études artistiques, l'environnement social, les expériences de la vie réelle, la créativité, l'indépendance et les activités de plein air soutiennent le développement du cerveau. En cohérence avec les résultats obtenus, des suggestions ont été faites aux chercheurs et aux enseignants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neurosciences, petite enfance, développement cérébral, apprentissage

Montessori Reggio Emilia und der High-Scope-Ansatz: Eine neurowissenschaftliche Übersichtsstudie

Öz

Es zeigt sich, dass viele alternative Bildungsansätze, die in verschiedenen Regionen der Welt entstanden sind und weltweit angewendet werden, umgesetzt werden. Die am weitesten verbreiteten pädagogischen Ansätze, insbesondere im Bereich der frühkindlichen Bildung; Es wurde festgestellt, dass es neben den Bildungsansätzen von Montessori, Reggio Emilia und High Scope noch viele andere Ansätze gibt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, drei frühkindliche Bildungsansätze aus neurowissenschaftlicher Perspektive im Einklang mit sekundären Forschungsdaten und Informationen in der Literatur zu untersuchen und zu bewerten. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden bestimmte Schwerpunktkonzepte der Ansätze festgelegt und tabellarisch dargestellt. Diskutiert werden die Auswirkungen der im Fokus der Studie stehenden frühkindlichen Bildungsansätze auf die Fokuskonzepte und neurowissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie die Gehirnentwicklung in vielfältiger Weise direkt oder indirekt beeinflussen. Als Ergebnis der Forschung wird davon ausgegangen, dass es aus neurowissenschaftlicher Sicht wirksam ist; Es wurde der Schluss gezogen, dass Studien zu den Themen Umwelt, Materialien, Bewegung, Kunststudien, soziales Umfeld, reale Lebenserfahrungen, Kreativität, Unabhängigkeit und Outdoor-Aktivitäten die Gehirnentwicklung unterstützen. Im Einklang mit den erzielten Ergebnissen wurden Vorschläge an Forscher und Pädagogen gemacht.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neurowissenschaften, frühe Kindheit, Gehirnentwicklung, Lernen

Kaynakça

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