DEĞİŞİK YÜK SENARYOLARINDA GEMİ ÇEVRESEL, SOSYAL VE MALİYET ANALİZİ
Öz
Tek seferde çok büyük yükler taşıma kapasitesine sahip nakliye araçları
olan gemiler, dünya ticaretinin belkemiğidir. Gemiler, dünyadaki toplam
ticaretin % 90 kadarını oluştursa da kullandıkları yakıt ve makineler nedeniyle
büyük miktarda emisyon oluşumuna yol açarlar. Bu çalışmada İskenderun-Şangay
arasında belli bir miktar yükün farklı taşıma kapasitelerine sahip beş adet
gemiyle ayrı ayrı taşındığı varsayılmış ve bu yolculuklar sonucunda oluşan
emisyon miktarları, bu emisyonların sosyal ve yakıt maliyetleri, gemilerin bu
yolculuklardan elde ettikleri gelir ve net kazançlar ile sosyal kayıplar
hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda yükün büyük tek bir gemi
tarafından taşınmasının hem emisyon üretimi hem de maliyet açısından en
mantıklı senaryo olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yükün tek
gemiyle taşınması sırasında toplam 8.418,32 t emisyon oluşmakta, bu
emisyonlardan dolayı toplam $ 17.008.992,91 civarında sosyal maliyet oluşacağı
hesaplanmıştır. Aynı yolculuktaki net kazanç yaklaşık olarak $ 3.772.487,68
şeklinde hesaplanmış olup sosyal maliyet de hesaba katıldığında yine en az sosyal
kayıp tek gemiyle yapılan seferde $ 4.977.503,13 olarak bulunmuştur. Son
olarak, en iyi senaryoyu üreten gemi için ile gemi ana makinesinin HFO
kullandığı varsayılarak yakıt türünün MDO olarak değiştirilmesinin maliyeti ve
sosyal kazancı hesaplanmıştır. Bu hesaba göre yakıt değişimi dolayısıyla
üretilen emisyon miktarı 7.897,83 t, sosyal maliyet $ 15.480.435,82 düzeyine
inmiştir. Net kazanç $ 2.883.636,66 olarak hesaplanırken sosyal kayıp ise $ 3.448.947,04 seviyesine kadar gerilemiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gemi emisyonları,Gemi yük taşıma senaryoları,Emisyon sosyal maliyeti,Gemi maliyet analizi
Kaynakça
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- İnternet Kaynakları
- Indexmundi (2019). https://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=iron-ore, Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2019
- Ship and Bunker (2019). https://shipandbunker.com/prices#IFO380 https://shipandbunker.com/prices#MGO, Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2019