DENİZ KAZALARININ ÇÖZÜMLENMESİNE GÜNCEL BİR BAKIŞ: FRAM YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZ ÖRNEĞİ
Öz
Dünyada taşımacılık etkinliklerinin yaklaşık yüzde sekseninin deniz yoluyla yapılıyor olması doğal olarak deniz trafiğinde atışa neden olmaktadır. Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü’nün (IMO-International Maritime Organization) seyir emniyeti, insan hayatı ve çevrenin korunmasına yönelik koyduğu kurallar, uluslararası sözleşmeler ve protokoller ve tavsiye kararlarının varlığına rağmen deniz kazaları olmaya devam etmektedir. Denizciliğe bir bütün olarak bakıldığında; kaza riskini en aza indirebilmek, seyir emniyeti ve güvenliğini sağlamak, insan yaşamı ve çevrenin korunmasını garanti altına almak için yürürlükteki kural ve yönergelere uymak kadar, geçmişte yaşanan kaza ve olumsuzluklardan ders çıkarmak gerekliliğinin önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma deniz kazalarının analizine yeni bir soluk getirmek amacıyla, Functional Resonance Analysis Model-İşlevsel Birleştirme Analiz Modeli (FRAM) yöntemiyle geçmişte yaşanmış bir deniz kazasını analiz etmektedir. Normal işleyişlerin (variables) beklenmedik birleşimlerinin/kombinasyonlarının (resonance) kazaya neden olabileceği varsayımını esas alan FRAM yöntemi ile yapılan bu çözümlemeler, gemi kaza riskini azaltmada rehber niteliğinde olacaktır. Yapılan analiz kazanın oluşmasında etken olan değişkenliklerin bağlılıklarının lineer olmadığını, seyir yardımcı cihazlarının kaza riskini ortadan kaldıramadığını, kazanın tek bir nedene değil birçok nedenin bileşkesinden ortaya çıktığını ve kazanın önlenmesinde durumsal farkındalığın önemli bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
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