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FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 187 - 211, 29.05.2018

Öz

Michel Foucault is well known for writing on Neoliberalism, but the richness of his approach should be better understood, along with its place in his work as a whole. Foucault does not refer to Neoliberalism as one thing, but as divided into two types: Ordoliberalism and anarcholiberalism. That is between a more institutional version allowing for some state direction and a more anti-statist version. This overlaps with a distinction between Europe and the United States. It also connects with Foucault’s interests in the relation between the roles of Germany and France in European history with regard to state sovereignty and law. The interaction of France and Germany has produced various conflicting and coalescing ideas of liberty and the state up to the
way Neoliberal ideas have circulated. In the context of Foucault’s own development, his investigations into Neoliberalism build on work on Enlightenment liberalism, bringing in Phenomenological anti-naturalism as a way of understanding the difference. It also builds on work on the development of political economy from its earliest texts to the work of Marx. The discussion of earlier political economy emphasises its place in a philosophy of history and humanism, which is recontextualised in Foucault’s work on Neoliberalism. Foucault’s work on the
inevitability of blindness and subjectivity in epistemology, along with the role of subjectivity in ethics, also develops through the encounter with Neoliberalism. 

Kaynakça

  • Becker, G. S., F. Ewald & B. Harcourt (2012). ‘Becker on Ewald on Becker on Foucault. American Neoliberalism and Michel Foucault’s 1979 “Birth of Biopolitics” Lectures’. Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics Working Paper No. 6014. Foucault, M. (1970). The Order of Things. Tavistock Institute (trans.). London: Tavistock Publications. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. A. Sheridan (trans.). London: Allen Lane. Foucault, M. (1989). The Archaeology of Knowledge. A.M. Sheridan (trans.) Smith. London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (1990). The Care of the Self. The History of Sexuality: 3. R. Hurley (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (1992). The Use of Pleasure. The History of Sexuality: 2. R. Hurley (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (2000). Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Volume 1. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. P. Rabinow (ed.). Robert H. et al. (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (2001). Dits et écrits II. 1976-1988. D. Defert, F. Ewald & J. Lagrange (eds.). Paris: Gallimard. Foucault, M. (2003). “Society Must Be Defended”. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76. M. Bertani & A. Fontana (eds.). D. Macey (trans.). New York NY: Picador/St Martin’s Press. Foucault, M. (2006). History of Madness. J. Khalfa (ed.). J. Murphy & J. Khalfa (trans.). London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics. Lectures at the Collège de France. 1978-1979. M. Senellart (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). London: St Martin’s Press/Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2009). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978. M. Senellart (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2010). The Government of Self and Others. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1982-1983. F. Gros (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2015). The Punitive Society. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1972-1973. B. E. Harcourt (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Friedman, Milton (1962) Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. Friedman, Milton and Schwartz A.J. (1963) A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. Hayek, F. A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. London: George Routledge. Hayek, F. A. (1948). Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago IL. University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F. A. (1952). The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology. Chicago IL, University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F. A. (1960). The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F.A. (1982) Law, Legislation and Liberty: A new statement of the liberal principles of justice and social order. London: Routledge. Lagasnerie, G. de (2012). La dernière leçon de Michel Foucault: Sur le néoliberalisme, la théorie and la politique. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1968). The Visible and the Invisible. C. Lefort (ed.). A. Lingis (trans.). Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of Perception. D. A. Landes (trans.). Abingdon: Routledge. Mises, L. von (1966). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics (3rd edition). Chicago IL: Contemporary Books. Moran, D. (2008). ‘Husserl’s transcendental philosophy and the critique of naturalism’, Continental Philosophy Review 41(4): 401-425. Nozick, R. (1974) Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Röpke, W. (1982). Standard Texts on the Social Market Economy: Two Centuries of Discussion. H. F. Wünsche (ed.). D. Rutter (Trans.) Stuttgart and New York : Gustav Fischer Verlag. Rothard, M. N. (1993, 2nd edition) Man, State, and Economy: A Treatise on Economic Principles with Power and Market: Government and the Economy. Auburn AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.

NEOLİBERALİZMİN İKİ TÜRÜ ÜZERİNE FOUCAULT’NUN DÜŞÜNCELERİ: AVRUPAYA ÖZGÜ TARİHSEL KÖKLERİYLE BİRLİKTE ORDOLİBERALİZM VE ANARKOLİBERALİZM

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 187 - 211, 29.05.2018

Öz

Michel Foucault neoliberalizm konusunda yazdıkları ile tanınır fakat onun yaklaşımının zenginliği, bir bütün olarak kendi çalışması içerisindeki yeri ile birlikte incelenerek daha iyi anlaşılmalıdır. Foucault, neoliberalizmi tek bir olgu olarak değil, Ordoliberalizm ve Anarkoliberalizm olmak üzere iki ayrı tür olarak ele almaktadır. Foucault’nun yaptığı bu ayrım devlet yönetimine izin veren daha kurumsal bir yapıyla devlet karşıtı bir yapı arasındadır. Bu da Avrupa ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki farkla örtüşmektedir. Ayrıca Foucault’nun bu konudaki incelemesi, onun devlet egemenliğine ve yasaya ilişkin olarak Avrupa tarihi içerisinde Fransa ve Almanya arasında gelişen ilişkinin rolüne yönelik ilgisiyle de bağlantılıdır. Fransa ve
Almanya arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim, Neoliberal fikirlerin dolaşıma girdiği bir gidişata kadar özgürlük ve devletle ilgili çelişkili ve bütünleştirici bazı fikirleri de meydana çıkarmıştır. Foucault’nun kendi düşüncesinin gelişimi bağlamında onun Neoliberalizme dair araştırmaları, Aydınlanma liberalizmi üzerine yapılan çalışmalara dayandırılmaktadır ve bu durum, farklılığı anlama açısından fenomenolojik bir anti naturalizme yol açmaktadır. Bu dayanak aynı zamanda eski metinlerden Marx’ın çalışmasına kadar politik ekonominin gelişimine yönelik yapılan çalışmaları da sağlam bir temele oturtmaktadır. Daha önceki dönemlerde politik ekonomi tartışmaları, Foucault’nun Neoliberalizme ilişkin çalışmasında yeni bir bağlama oturttuğu tarih felsefesi ve hümanizm içerisinde yer edinmiştir. Foucault’nun, epistemolojide körlüğün ve öznelliğin kaçınılmazlığı ile etikte öznelliğin rolü üzerine çalışması, aynı zamanda onun Neoliberalizmle karşılaşmasıyla birlikte gelişmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Becker, G. S., F. Ewald & B. Harcourt (2012). ‘Becker on Ewald on Becker on Foucault. American Neoliberalism and Michel Foucault’s 1979 “Birth of Biopolitics” Lectures’. Coase-Sandor Institute for Law and Economics Working Paper No. 6014. Foucault, M. (1970). The Order of Things. Tavistock Institute (trans.). London: Tavistock Publications. Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. A. Sheridan (trans.). London: Allen Lane. Foucault, M. (1989). The Archaeology of Knowledge. A.M. Sheridan (trans.) Smith. London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (1990). The Care of the Self. The History of Sexuality: 3. R. Hurley (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (1992). The Use of Pleasure. The History of Sexuality: 2. R. Hurley (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (2000). Essential Works of Foucault 1954-1984. Volume 1. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. P. Rabinow (ed.). Robert H. et al. (trans.). London: Penguin Books. Foucault, M. (2001). Dits et écrits II. 1976-1988. D. Defert, F. Ewald & J. Lagrange (eds.). Paris: Gallimard. Foucault, M. (2003). “Society Must Be Defended”. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975-76. M. Bertani & A. Fontana (eds.). D. Macey (trans.). New York NY: Picador/St Martin’s Press. Foucault, M. (2006). History of Madness. J. Khalfa (ed.). J. Murphy & J. Khalfa (trans.). London: Routledge. Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics. Lectures at the Collège de France. 1978-1979. M. Senellart (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). London: St Martin’s Press/Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2009). Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978. M. Senellart (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2010). The Government of Self and Others. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1982-1983. F. Gros (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Foucault, M. (2015). The Punitive Society. Lectures at the Collège de France, 1972-1973. B. E. Harcourt (ed.). G. Burchell (trans.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Friedman, Milton (1962) Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. Friedman, Milton and Schwartz A.J. (1963) A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. Hayek, F. A. (1944). The Road to Serfdom. London: George Routledge. Hayek, F. A. (1948). Individualism and Economic Order. Chicago IL. University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F. A. (1952). The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology. Chicago IL, University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F. A. (1960). The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. Hayek, F.A. (1982) Law, Legislation and Liberty: A new statement of the liberal principles of justice and social order. London: Routledge. Lagasnerie, G. de (2012). La dernière leçon de Michel Foucault: Sur le néoliberalisme, la théorie and la politique. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1968). The Visible and the Invisible. C. Lefort (ed.). A. Lingis (trans.). Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press. Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of Perception. D. A. Landes (trans.). Abingdon: Routledge. Mises, L. von (1966). Human Action: A Treatise on Economics (3rd edition). Chicago IL: Contemporary Books. Moran, D. (2008). ‘Husserl’s transcendental philosophy and the critique of naturalism’, Continental Philosophy Review 41(4): 401-425. Nozick, R. (1974) Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Röpke, W. (1982). Standard Texts on the Social Market Economy: Two Centuries of Discussion. H. F. Wünsche (ed.). D. Rutter (Trans.) Stuttgart and New York : Gustav Fischer Verlag. Rothard, M. N. (1993, 2nd edition) Man, State, and Economy: A Treatise on Economic Principles with Power and Market: Government and the Economy. Auburn AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Barry Stocker Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Stocker, B. (2018). FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 187-211.
AMA Stocker B. FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. Mayıs 2018;5(1):187-211.
Chicago Stocker, Barry. “FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2018): 187-211.
EndNote Stocker B (01 Mayıs 2018) FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5 1 187–211.
IEEE B. Stocker, “FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 187–211, 2018.
ISNAD Stocker, Barry. “FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 5/1 (Mayıs 2018), 187-211.
JAMA Stocker B. FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;5:187–211.
MLA Stocker, Barry. “FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 187-11.
Vancouver Stocker B. FOUCAULT ON TWO TYPES OF NEOLIBERALISM: ORDOLIBERALISM AND ANARCHOLIBERALISM, ALONG WITH EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ROOTS. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;5(1):187-211.