DROIT DE CHAPELLE: AN ALMOST FORGOTTEN PRIVILEGE IN THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF DIPLOMACY

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 477 - 507, 20.11.2020

Anıl Çamyamaç

https://doi.org/10.33717/deuhfd.787604

Öz

The flow of time inevitably brings change, which in turn creates different
needs that must be governed by new rules. The way that this process has shaped
different eras can also be seen in the field of law. For example, when religious
freedoms were restricted or even banned, diplomatic law allowed the privilege
of droit de chapelle – the right for ambassadors to have a private place of
worship in their residences and mission premises in foreign countries. This was
founded on the then-accepted theory of ex-territoriality, on which all an
ambassador’s privileges and immunities were based. By the 19th century,
however, once religious tolerance had triumphed over bigotry, this privilege
became unnecessary. During the 20th century, as it seems, this right became
well established and widely practised among States. This might suggest that
there was no longer any need for provisions relating to droit de chapelle while
codifying the rules of diplomacy, particularly as reflected in the 1961 Vienna
Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Yet, is this really the case? After
determining if droit de chapelle really is common in practice and clear in
content, this article considers whether it is still necessary to regulate it in a
provision within the international law of diplomacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Droit de chapelle, right to chapel, diplomatic privileges, 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, religion,

İBADETHÂNE HAKKI: ULUSLARARASI DİPLOMASİ HUKUKUNDA NEREDEYSE UNUTULAN BİR DİPLOMATİK AYRICALIK

Öz

Zamanın akışı yeni kurallarca yönetilmesi gereken farklı ihtiyaçları
kaçınılmaz olarak beraberinde getirir. Bu sürecin işleyişi hukuk alanında da
görülebileceği üzere farklı dönemleri şekillendirmiştir. Meselâ, dinî özgürlükler
sınırlandığında, hattâ yasaklandığında, diplomasi hukuku büyükelçiler için
yabancı ülkelerdeki rezidanslarında veya misyon binalarında ibadetleri için özel
bir yere sahip olma hakkını - ibadethâne hakkını bahşetmiştir. Bu hak, bir
büyükelçinin tüm ayrıcalık ve bağışıklıklarının dayandırıldığı o dönemde kabûl
edilen ülke dışılık teorisi üzerinde temellendirilmektedir. 19. yüzyılda bağnazlık
karşısında dinî toleransların galebe çalmasıyla bu ayrıcalık bir bakıma zarurîlik
özelliğini yitirmiştir. 20. yüzyılda, görüldüğü üzere, bu hak iyice yerleşmiş ve
devletler arasında yaygın bir biçimde uygulanmaktadır. Bu durum, özellikle
1961 tarihli Diplomatik İlişkilere Dair Viyana Sözleşmesinde yansıtıldığı üzere
diplomasi kurallarının kodifiye edilmesi esnasında ibadethâne hakkına ilişkin
hükümlerin artık zarurî olmadığına işaret etmektedir. Acaba, gerçekte durum
böyle midir? Bu makalede, ibadethâne hakkının, gerçekte içerik açısından açık
bir biçimde ele alınıp alınmadığı, uygulama açısından da genel olarak etki
kazanıp kazanmadığı belirlendikten sonra, bu hakkın, hâlen uluslararası diplo-
masi hukuku çerçevesinde pozitif bir hükümle düzenlenmesinin zarurî olup
olmadığı değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Droit de chapelle,, ibadethâne hakkı, diplomatik ayrıcalıklar, 1961 tarihli Diplomatik İlişkilere Dair Viyana Sözleşmesi, din

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