Preterm Bebeklerde Gestasyonel Haftalara Göre Bireyselleştirilmiş Destekleyici Gelişimsel Bakım Uygulamaları

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne göre her yıl 15 milyon preterm doğum meydana gelmekte ve yaklaşık bir milyon preterm erken doğum komplikasyonları nedeniyle hayatını kaybetmektedir. İmmatürite, enfeksiyon ve yoğun bakım ortamındaki çevresel faktörler (gürültü, parlak ışık, sık uygulanan dokunma benzeri girişimler, ağrılı girişimler) preterm bebeğin gelişimsel sonuçlarını olumsuz etkileyen stresörler arasındadır. Yapılan araştırmalarda hastanede yatış ile stres ve travmanın preterm bebeklerin uzun süreli psikososyal sağlık durumu üzerinde etkileri olduğu, bu etkilerin ortaya çıkmasında sağlık çalışanlarının verdiği bakım, verilen bakımın özelliği ve bakıma ilişkin hasta deneyiminin kritik rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Bireyselleştirilmiş Destekleyici Gelişimsel Bakım; yenidoğan yoğun bakım ortamında çevresel stresörlerin azaltılması, erken dönemde anne bebek ilişkisinin başlatılması, bebeğin nörodavranışsal olgunlaşması ve organizasyonunu desteklemeyi içeren kapsamlı bir programdır. Gestasyonel haftalarına göre gelişimsel özellikleri farklı olan preterm bebeklere bu program doğrultusunda bakım verilirken gelişimsel farklıklar göz önünde bulundurularak gerekli hazırlıklar ve uygulamalar yapılmalıdır. Bu derleme makalemizdeki amaç; preterm bebeklere gestasyonel haftalara göre bireyselleştirilmiş destekleyici gelişimsel bakım uygulamaları doğrultusunda verilecek hemşirelik bakımını açıklamaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• preterm yenidoğan,bireyselleştirilmiş destekleyici gelişimsel bakım

Individualized Supportive Developmental Care Applications for Preterm Infants According to Gestational Weeks

Öz

15 million preterm births occur each year according to the World Health Organization, and almost one million preterms lose their lives due to premature birth complications. Immaturity, infection and environmental factors in intensive care environment (noise, bright light, frequently applied touch-like interventions and painful interventions) are among the stressors that negatively affect the developmental outcomes of the preterm infant. In the researches made, it was determined that hospitalization, stress and trauma had effects on long-term psycho-social health status of preterm infants, and that the care provided by the health care workers, the characteristics of the care given and the patient experience related to care played critical role in the emergence of these effects. Individualized Supportive Developmental Care; is an extensive program which includes reducing the environmental stressors, initiating the mother-baby relationship in the early period, supporting the neurobehavioral maturation and organization of the baby in the neonatal intensive care environment. While care is given to the preterm infants whose developmental properties are different according to their gestational weeks in line with this program, necessary preparations and applications should be made by taking developmental differences into consideration. The aim in this compilation paper is; to explain the nursing care to be given to preterm infants according to individualized supportive developmental care applications based on Synactive Theory according to gestational weeks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Preterm Newborn,Individualized Supportive Developmental Care,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Kaynakça

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