Alzheimer Hastalığı Olan Bireye Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Bakım Verme Sürecindeki Deneyimleri

Öz

Giriş: Bakım verme süreci, bakım verenleri farklı boyutlarda etkilemektedir. Amaç: Alzheimer hastalığı olan bireylere bakım veren aile üyelerinin bakım verme sürecindeki deneyimlerinin “Watson İnsan Bakım Teorisi” çerçevesinde anlaşılmasıdır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı niteliksel araştırma tasarımı kullanılmış ve kavramsal çerçevesini Watson İnsan Bakım Teorisi oluşturmuştur. Örneklemi 16 aile üyesi oluşturmuştur. Veriler, “yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu” kullanılarak “derinlemesine görüşme” yöntemiyle toplanmış olup “içerik analizi” ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada, etik kurul, araştırmanın yapıldığı kurum ve çalışmaya katılan aile üyelerinden yazılı izinler alınmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada bakım verme rolünde zorlanma ve bakım verme rolünden memnun olma şeklinde iki ana tema ve bu temalara ait alt temalar belirlenmiştir. Bakım verme rolünde zorlanma temasının alt temaları: bakımda destek beklentisi, anlaşılmadığını düşünme, ailevi ve sosyal ilişkilerde bozulma ve rollerde değişim, hastalığı kabullenememe, geçmişte yaşanan olumsuz ilişkileri sorgulama, gelecekte bakamama korkusu ve profesyonel destek alma çabasıdır. Bakım verme rolünden memnun olma temasının alt temaları: geçmişte yaşanan olumlu deneyim ve ilişkiler, bakımı borç olarak görme, inançlardır. Sonuç: Belirlenen temalar, sağlık profesyonellerinin bakım verenlere yapacakları girişimleri planlama aşamasında önemli bir rehber niteliğindedir. Bakım verenin bakım sürecinin olumlu yönlerini görmesini sağlamak, eğitim yoluyla bilgi ve becerisini arttırmak, baş etme yöntemlerinin farkında olmak sağlık profesyonellerinin özellikle de hemşirelerin önemli sorumluluklarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer Hastalığı, Bakım Veren, Hemşirelik, Watson İnsan Bakım Teorisi

Experiences in the Caregiving Process of Family Caregivers of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease

Öz

Background: Caring process affects caregivers in various aspects. Aim: To give an insight into caring experiences of family members of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease in the framework of Watson’s theory of human caring. Methods: The study has a descriptive, qualitative design and its conceptual framework is based on Watson’s theory of human caring. The study sample was composed of 16 family members. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview form at in-depth interviews. Obtained data were evaluated with content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution where the study was performed and written informed consent was taken from the participants. Results: Two main themes were identified: difficulty in caregiving role and satisfaction with caregiving role, and subthemes emerged. Subthemes for difficulty in caregiving role were care related expectations for support, lack of understanding, disrupted familial and social relationships, changes in roles, rejection of the disease, questioning prior negative relationships, fear of inability to give care in the future and attempts to receive professional support. Subthemes for satisfaction with caregiving role were prior positive experiences and relationships, perceive caregiving as gratitude and beliefs.Conclusion: The emerging themes and subthemes can provide guidance for health professionals to design interventions for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Health professionals, especially nurses should be prepared for taking the responsibility for enabling caregivers to become aware of positive aspects of caregiving, enhancing caregivers’ knowledge and skills for caregiving and helping caregivers to be aware of their coping skills

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer’s Disease, Caregiver, Nursing, Watson’s Theory of Human Caring.

Kaynakça

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