Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Kaliteli Uyku

Öz

Tüm canlılar gibi yenidoğanlar için de uyku gerekli ve önemli bir işlevdir ve yenidoğanların Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde tedavi edilmeleri durumunda düzeyi ve kalitesi olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Korunaklı bir alandan oldukça gürültülü ve hareketli olan yoğun bakım ünitesine geçiş yenidoğanları oldukça etkileyen önemli bir olaydır. YYBÜ’lerinin özellikle ses ve ışık düzeyleri yenidoğanlarda çeşitli fizyolojik ve gelişimsel sorunlara yol açabilmektedir ki yenidoğan preterm ise bu sorunlar daha da belirgin olabilmektedir. Uygun olmayan sürekli ses ve ışık düzeyi yenidoğanın gece gündüz döngüsünü bozarak beslenme, vücut stabilitesini etkilemekte ve dolayısıyla büyüme ve gelişme üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerde gece gündüz döngüsünün oluşturulması, ışık şiddetinin ayarlanması, yüksek ses düzeyinin uygun standartlara getirilmesi gibi temel önlemlerin yanı sıra uyku pozisyonlarının düzenlenmesi, yenidoğan masajı uygulanması ve girişimsel ve bakıma ait işlemlerin uyku saatlerinin göz önüne alınarak uygulanması, bebeğe yeterli ve etkili dinlenme saatleri bırakılması gibi önlemler yenidoğanın uyku kalitesini arttırarak büyüme ve gelişmeyi destekleyebilmektedir. YYBÜ’lerinde ışık şiddetinin gündüz 580, gece 30 lux’ü, ortalama ses düzeyinin ise 50 dB’i geçmemesi alınması gereken standart tedbirler içerisinde yer almalıdır. Küvöz ve ışıklı aletlerin üzerlerinin örtülmesi, göz petlerinin kullanılması gibi uygulamalar da uyku kalitesini arttırabilecektir. Ayrıca yenidoğan masajı ve uyku kalitesini arttıracak pozisyon uygulamaları rutin bakım protokolleri arasında alınmalı ve masajın dokunsal uyanlarla gece gündüz döngüsünün olgunlaşmasına katkıda bulunulabileceği, hastanede kalış sürelerinin de azaltılabileceği unutulmamalıdır. YYBÜ’lerinde alınacak belirli ve basit önlemler tedavi ortamından kaynaklanan olumsuzlukları en aza indirmeye yardımcı olabilir. Ünitelerde uyku kalitesini arttıracak önlemlerin standardize edilmesi, kurumsal ve evrensel tedbirlerin alınması, personelin özellikle hemşirelerin konu hakkında bilgilendirilmesi ise ayrıca önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenidoğan, Yoğun bakım, Uyku

Quality Sleep In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Öz

Sleep is a required and important function for newborns and its level and quality could be effected negatively at intensive care units (ICU). Passing to noisy and active unit from a confident area is very important event that effects newborns. Sound and light levels of ICU cause some physiological and developmental problems in newborns and also for preterms, these problems are more significant. Inappropriate sound and light disrupt day-night cycle, affects body stability and create negative effects on their growth and development .Besides creating day-night cycle, setting suitable standards for high sound and light level; setting sleep positions, massage and doing the care interventions by considering sleep time, giving enough and effective time for rest could be supportive for their growth and development by increasing quality of sleep. Light degree should be 580 luxes at daytime, 30 luxes at nights, average sound level should not be over than 50 dB at ICU. Covering the incubators and equipments with light, using eye bandages could increase the quality of sleep. Also, newborn massage and position practices for qualified sleep should be taken in routine care protocols and it should not be forgotten that massage could contribute to compose day-nigth cycle and decrease duration of staying at hospital. Certain and easy measures could decrease negative effects of treatment environment at ICU. Also, it is very important to do standard measures that increase sleep quality, take instituional and universal measures, give information to the personel especially nurses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Newborn, Intensive care, Sleep

Kaynakça

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