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Sık Karşılaşılan Bir Sorun: Doğum Korkusu

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 263 - 268, 01.11.2015

Öz

Doğum korkusu, doğumdan önce, doğum sırasında ve doğum sonrasında yaşanan korku olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Doğum korkusu anne, fetüs ve yenidoğanı birçok yönden etkilerken, ebeveynler arası ilişkilerde de olumsuzluklara sebep olmaktadır. Doğum korkusunun sağlık personelleri tarafından tanımlanması, düzeyinin saptanması, doğum korkusuna sebep olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve uygun girişimlerin planlanması önemlidir. Bu kadınla bir arada olan hemşirelerin, kadın hayatını birçok yönden etkileyen doğum korkusunu tanılamaları, hemşirelik bakımlarını planlamada yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu derlemenin amacı; doğum korkusunu tanımlamak, sebep olan faktörleri ele almak ve uygun hemşirelik yaklaşımlarını belirlemektir.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Andersson, L., Sundström-Poromaa, I., Bixo, M., Wulff, M., Bondestam, K., Åström, M. (2003). Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: a population-based study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189 (1), 148-154.
  • Areskog, B., Uddenberg, N., Kjessler, B. (1984). Postnatal emotional balance in women with or without antenatal fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 28, 213–220.
  • Büyükbayrak, E. E., Kaymaz, O., Kars, B., Karşıdağ, A. Y., Bektaş, E., Ünal, O., Turan, C. (2010).
  • Caesarean delivery or vaginal birth: preference of Turkish pregnant women and influencing factors. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 30 (2), 155-158.
  • Elvander, C., Cnattingius, S., Kjerulff, K.H. (2013). Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: findings from the first baby study. Birth Berkeley California, 40, 289–296.
  • Ergöl, Ş., Kürtüncü, M. (2014). Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Kadınların Sezaryen Doğum Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26-34.
  • Eriksson, C., Jansson, L., Hamberg, K. (2006). Women's experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study. Midwifery, 22, 240–248.
  • Fairbrother, N., Woody, S. R. (2007). Fear of childbirth and obstetrical events as predictors of postnatal symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 28, 239–242.
  • Fenwick, J., Gamble, J., Nathan, E., Bayes, S., Hauck, Y. (2009). Pre- and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 667–677.
  • Fenwick, J., Staff, L., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., Bayes, S. (2010). Why do women request caesarean section in a normal, healthy first pregnancy? Midwifery, 26, 394–400
  • Fenwick, J., Toohill, J., Creedy, D. K., Smith, J., & Gamble, J. (2015). Sources, responses and moderators of childbirth fear in Australian women: a qualitative investigation. Midwifery, 31 (1), 239-246.
  • Ganapathy, T. (2015). Tokophobia among First Time Expectant Fathers. International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 1 (1), 99-106.
  • Gao, L. L., Liu, X. J., Fu, B. L., & Xie, W. (2015). Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery, 31, 865-870.
  • Geissbuehler, V., Eberhard, J. (2002). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy: a study of more than 8000 pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomsatic & Obstetric Gynaecology, 23, 229–235.
  • Glover, V., O’Connor, T. G. (2002). Effects of antenatal stress and anxiety: implications for development and psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry. 180, 389-391.
  • Gözükara, F., Eroğlu, K. (2008). İlk doğumunu yapmış kadınların (primipar) doğum şekline yönelik tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. H.Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(2):32– 46.
  • Handelzalts, J. E., Becker, G., Ahren, M. P., Lurie, S., Raz, N., Tamir, Z., & Sadan, O. (2015).
  • Personality, fear of childbirth and birth outcomes in nulliparous women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 291 (5), 1055-1062.
  • Hofberg, K., Brockington, I. (2000). Tokophobia: an unreasoning dread of childbirth. A series of 26 cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 83-85.
  • Hofberg, K. M., Brockington, I F. (2001). Tokophobia: a morbid dread of childbirth. Its presence in Great Britain and Grand Cayman, British West Indes. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 22, 96.
  • Hofberg, K., Ward, M. (2003). Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 79, 505–510.
  • Howarth, A., Swain, N., Treharne, G. J. (2011). Taking personal responsibility for wellbeing increases birth satisfaction of first time mothers. Journal of Health Psychology, 16 (8), 1221- 1230.
  • İsbir, G. G., Serçekuş, P. (2015). The effects of ıntrapartum supportive care on fear of delivery and labour outcomes: a single randomized controlled trial. 2nd European Congress on Intrapartum Care Kongre Kitabı. Portekiz. 21-23 Mayıs.
  • Jespersen, C., Hegaard, H. K., Schroll, A. M., Rosthøj, S., & Kjærgaard, H. (2014). Fear of childbirth and emergency caesarean section in low-risk nulliparous women: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35 (4), 109-115.
  • Johnson, R. C., Slade, P. (2002). Does fear of childbirth during pregnancy predict emergency caesarean section? BJOG, 109, 1213-1221.
  • Johnston, R. G., Brown, A. E. (2013) Maternal trait personality and childbirth: the role of extraversion and neuroticism. Midwifery 29, 1244–1250.
  • Jokić-Begić, N., Žigić, L., Nakić Radoš, S. (2014). Anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of fear of childbirth: different patterns for nulliparous and parous women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35 (1), 22-28.
  • Karabulutlu, Ö. (2012). Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 20 (3), 210-218.
  • Karlström, A., Nystedt, A., Johansson, M., Hildingsson, I. (2011). Behind the myth – few women prefer caesarean section in the absence of medical or obstetrical factors. Midwifery, 27, 620–627.
  • arlström, A., Engström-Olofsson, R., Nystedt, A., Thomas, J., Hildingsson, I. (2009). Swedish caregivers' attitudes towards caesarean section on maternal request. Women Birth, 22, 57–63.
  • Klein, M., Sakala, C., Davis-Floyd, R., Rooks, J. (2006). Why do women go along with this stuff? Birth, 33, 245–250.
  • Körükçü, Ö., Bulut, O., Kukulu, K. (2014). Psychometric Evaluation of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B. Health Care for Women İnternational, 1-18.
  • Kringeland, T., Daltveit, A. K., Moller, A. (2009). What characterizes women in Norway who wish to have a caesarean section? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 364–71.
  • Larsson, C., Saltvedt, S., Edman, G., Wiklund, I., & Andolf, E. (2011). Factors independently related to a negative birth experience in first-time mothers. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 2 (2), 83-89.
  • Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., Johansen, C. (2008). Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG, 115 (3), 354–360.
  • Lowe, N. K. (2000). Self-efficacy for labor and childbirth fears in nulliparous pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21 (4), 219-224.
  • Lukasse, M., Vangen, S., ØIAN, P., Schei, B. (2011). Fear of childbirth, women's preference for cesarean section and childhood abuse: a longitudinal study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 90 (1), 33-40.
  • Lyberg, A., Severinsson, E. (2010). Fear of childbirth: mothers' experiences of teammidwifery care-a follow-up study. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 383–390.
  • Mete, S., İsbir, G. G., Çeçe, Ö., Tokat, M. A. (2013). Doğuma Hazırlık Sınıfının Doğum Korkusuna, Doğuma Hazır Oluşluğa ve Doğum Şekli Tercihine Etkisi. 1. Ulusal Doğal Doğum Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. İstanbul. 24-26 Mayıs, 28.
  • Nieminen, K., Stephansson, O., Ryding, E. L. (2009). Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section–a cross‐sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88 (7), 807-813.
  • Nilsson, C., Bondas, T., Lundgren, I. (2010). Previous birth experience in women with intense fear of childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39 (3), 298-309.
  • Ogboli-Nwasor, E. O., Adaji, S. E. (2014). Between pain and pleasure: Pregnant women's knowledge and preferences for pain relief in labor, a pilot study from Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 8 (1), 20.
  • Pang, M. W., Leung, T. N., Lau, T. K., Chung, H., Kwok, T. (2008). Impact of First Childbirth on Changes in Women’s Preference for Mode of Delivery: Follow‐up of a Longitudinal Observational Study. Birth, 35 (2), 121-128.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela‐Aro, K., Toivanen, R., Tokola, M., Halmesmäki, E., & Saisto, T. (2013). Obstetric outcome after intervention for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women–randomised trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 120 (1), 75-84.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela-Aro, K., Halmesmäki, E., Saisto, T. (2009). Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG: International Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology, 116, 67–73.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela-Aro, K., Toivanen, R., Tokola, M., Halmesmäki, E., Ryding, E. L., & Saisto, T. (2015). Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience-a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 36 (1), 1-9.
  • Ryding, E. L. (1993). Investigation of 33 women who demanded a cesarean section for personal reasons. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 72, 280–285.
  • Ryding, E.L., Wijma, B., Wijma, K., Rydhström, H. (1998b). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77, 542–547.
  • Ryding, E.L., Wijma, K., Wijma, B. (1998a). Predisposing psychological factors for posttraumatic stress reactions after emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77, 351–352.
  • Saisto, T., Halmesmaki, E. (2007). Fear of childbirth can be treated, and cesarean section on maternal request avoided. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 86, 1148-1149.
  • Saisto, T,, Halmesmaki, E. (2003). Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 82 (3), 201-208.
  • Saisto, T., Toivanen, R., Salmela-Aro, K., Halmesmaki, E. (2006) Therapeutic group psychoeducation and relaxation in treating fear of childbirth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85 (11), 1315–1319
  • Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J. E., Könönen, T., & Halmesmäki, E. (2001a). A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 98 (5), 820- 826.
  • Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J.E., Halmesmäki, E. (2001b). Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth. BJOG: International Journal of Obstetric & Gynaecology, 108, 492–498.
  • Sakorntanun, W., Chatchawan, U., Hongrattana, K. (2012). The characteristics of labor pain during the active phase of primipara. Journal of Medical Technology and Physical Therapy, 24-22.
  • Sani, R. M. (2015). Doğum ağrısına kültürel yaklaşım. Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 1 (1).
  • Sayıner, F. D., Özerdoğan, N., Giray, S., Özdemir, E., Savcı, A. (2009). Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 17 (3), 104-112.
  • Scott, K. D., Klaus, P. H., Klaus, M. H. (1999). The obstetrical and postpartum benefits of continuous support during childbirth. Journal of Womens Health, 8 (10), 1257-1264.
  • Serçekuş, P., Okumuş, H. (2009). Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery, 25, 155–162.
  • Serçekuş, P., Mete, S. (2010). Effects of antenatal education on maternal prenatal and postpartum adaptation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66 (5), 999-1010.
  • Shakeri, M. (2014). Effect of Physiologic Labor on Pain Intensity during Active Phase of Labor. Researcher, 6 (6), 30-20.
  • Soderquist, J., Wijma, B., Thorbert, G., Wijma, K. (2009). Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG, 116, 672– 680
  • Stoll, K., Fairbrother, N., Carty, E., Jordan, N., Miceli, C., Vostrcil, Y., & Willihnganz, L. (2009). “It's all the rage these days”: university students' attitudes toward vaginal and cesarean birth. Birth, 36 (2), 133-140.
  • Storkesen, H., Eberhard-Gran, M., Garthus-Niegel, S., Eskild, A. (2012). Fear of childbirth; the relation to anxiety and depression. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91, 237–242
  • Sydsjö, G., Sydsjö, A., Gunnervik, C., Bladh, M., Josefsson, A. (2012). Obstetric outcome for women who received individualized treatment for fear of childbirth during pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91, 44–49.
  • Şen, E., Dağ, H., Şenveli, S. (2015). The reasons for delivery-related fear and associated factors in western Turkey. Nursing Practice Today, 2(1).
  • Şen, A., Tokat M. A. (2015). The effect of fear experıenced durıng vagınal bırth on lactatıon, the baby's suckıng behavıor and fırst breastfeedıng. 2nd European Congress on Intrapartum Care Kongre Kitabı. Portekiz. 21-23 Mayıs, 13.
  • Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H., Rubertsson, C. (2015). Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women–Findings from a community sample in Sweden. Midwifery, 31 (4), 445-450.
  • Toohill, J., Fenwick, J., Gamble, J., Creedy, D.K. (2014). Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14 (275), 1-10.
  • Torloni, M. R., Betrán, A. P., Montilla, P., Scolaro, E., Seuc, A., Mazzoni, A., & Merialdi, M. (2013). Do Italian women prefer cesarean section? Results from a survey on mode of delivery preferences. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13 (78), 1-8.
  • Waldenström, U., Hildingsson, I., Ryding, E. L. (2006). Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG, 113, 638-646
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B., Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the WDEQ: a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric Gynecology. 19, 84-97.
  • Wiklund, I., Edman, G., Ryding, E. L., Andolf, E. (2007). Expectations and experiences of childbirth in primiparae with caesarean section. BJOG, 115, 324-331.
  • Zar, M., Wijma, K., Wijma, B. (2001). Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Theraphy. 30 (2), 75-84.

A Common Problem: Fear of Childbirth

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 263 - 268, 01.11.2015

Öz

Fear of labor is defined as the fear experienced before the birth, during the birth and after the birth. Fear of labor which is
affects the mother, fetus and new born in many ways, leads to negativity of relationship between the parents. Fear of birth to be
identified by medical staff, determine the level, determine the factors cause of fear of labor and planning the appropriate
interventions is important. Nurses who are being together in this woman, are identify fear of labor is affects the woman life in
many ways will guide the planning the nursing care. The purpose of this review; describe the fear of labor, address the factors
that cause and determine the appropriate nursing care.

Kaynakça

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Andersson, L., Sundström-Poromaa, I., Bixo, M., Wulff, M., Bondestam, K., Åström, M. (2003). Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: a population-based study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 189 (1), 148-154.
  • Areskog, B., Uddenberg, N., Kjessler, B. (1984). Postnatal emotional balance in women with or without antenatal fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 28, 213–220.
  • Büyükbayrak, E. E., Kaymaz, O., Kars, B., Karşıdağ, A. Y., Bektaş, E., Ünal, O., Turan, C. (2010).
  • Caesarean delivery or vaginal birth: preference of Turkish pregnant women and influencing factors. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 30 (2), 155-158.
  • Elvander, C., Cnattingius, S., Kjerulff, K.H. (2013). Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: findings from the first baby study. Birth Berkeley California, 40, 289–296.
  • Ergöl, Ş., Kürtüncü, M. (2014). Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Kadınların Sezaryen Doğum Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26-34.
  • Eriksson, C., Jansson, L., Hamberg, K. (2006). Women's experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study. Midwifery, 22, 240–248.
  • Fairbrother, N., Woody, S. R. (2007). Fear of childbirth and obstetrical events as predictors of postnatal symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 28, 239–242.
  • Fenwick, J., Gamble, J., Nathan, E., Bayes, S., Hauck, Y. (2009). Pre- and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 667–677.
  • Fenwick, J., Staff, L., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., Bayes, S. (2010). Why do women request caesarean section in a normal, healthy first pregnancy? Midwifery, 26, 394–400
  • Fenwick, J., Toohill, J., Creedy, D. K., Smith, J., & Gamble, J. (2015). Sources, responses and moderators of childbirth fear in Australian women: a qualitative investigation. Midwifery, 31 (1), 239-246.
  • Ganapathy, T. (2015). Tokophobia among First Time Expectant Fathers. International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 1 (1), 99-106.
  • Gao, L. L., Liu, X. J., Fu, B. L., & Xie, W. (2015). Predictors of childbirth fear among pregnant Chinese women: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Midwifery, 31, 865-870.
  • Geissbuehler, V., Eberhard, J. (2002). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy: a study of more than 8000 pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomsatic & Obstetric Gynaecology, 23, 229–235.
  • Glover, V., O’Connor, T. G. (2002). Effects of antenatal stress and anxiety: implications for development and psychiatry. British Journal of Psychiatry. 180, 389-391.
  • Gözükara, F., Eroğlu, K. (2008). İlk doğumunu yapmış kadınların (primipar) doğum şekline yönelik tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. H.Ü Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(2):32– 46.
  • Handelzalts, J. E., Becker, G., Ahren, M. P., Lurie, S., Raz, N., Tamir, Z., & Sadan, O. (2015).
  • Personality, fear of childbirth and birth outcomes in nulliparous women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 291 (5), 1055-1062.
  • Hofberg, K., Brockington, I. (2000). Tokophobia: an unreasoning dread of childbirth. A series of 26 cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 83-85.
  • Hofberg, K. M., Brockington, I F. (2001). Tokophobia: a morbid dread of childbirth. Its presence in Great Britain and Grand Cayman, British West Indes. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric & Gynaecology, 22, 96.
  • Hofberg, K., Ward, M. (2003). Fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 79, 505–510.
  • Howarth, A., Swain, N., Treharne, G. J. (2011). Taking personal responsibility for wellbeing increases birth satisfaction of first time mothers. Journal of Health Psychology, 16 (8), 1221- 1230.
  • İsbir, G. G., Serçekuş, P. (2015). The effects of ıntrapartum supportive care on fear of delivery and labour outcomes: a single randomized controlled trial. 2nd European Congress on Intrapartum Care Kongre Kitabı. Portekiz. 21-23 Mayıs.
  • Jespersen, C., Hegaard, H. K., Schroll, A. M., Rosthøj, S., & Kjærgaard, H. (2014). Fear of childbirth and emergency caesarean section in low-risk nulliparous women: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35 (4), 109-115.
  • Johnson, R. C., Slade, P. (2002). Does fear of childbirth during pregnancy predict emergency caesarean section? BJOG, 109, 1213-1221.
  • Johnston, R. G., Brown, A. E. (2013) Maternal trait personality and childbirth: the role of extraversion and neuroticism. Midwifery 29, 1244–1250.
  • Jokić-Begić, N., Žigić, L., Nakić Radoš, S. (2014). Anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of fear of childbirth: different patterns for nulliparous and parous women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 35 (1), 22-28.
  • Karabulutlu, Ö. (2012). Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 20 (3), 210-218.
  • Karlström, A., Nystedt, A., Johansson, M., Hildingsson, I. (2011). Behind the myth – few women prefer caesarean section in the absence of medical or obstetrical factors. Midwifery, 27, 620–627.
  • arlström, A., Engström-Olofsson, R., Nystedt, A., Thomas, J., Hildingsson, I. (2009). Swedish caregivers' attitudes towards caesarean section on maternal request. Women Birth, 22, 57–63.
  • Klein, M., Sakala, C., Davis-Floyd, R., Rooks, J. (2006). Why do women go along with this stuff? Birth, 33, 245–250.
  • Körükçü, Ö., Bulut, O., Kukulu, K. (2014). Psychometric Evaluation of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B. Health Care for Women İnternational, 1-18.
  • Kringeland, T., Daltveit, A. K., Moller, A. (2009). What characterizes women in Norway who wish to have a caesarean section? Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 364–71.
  • Larsson, C., Saltvedt, S., Edman, G., Wiklund, I., & Andolf, E. (2011). Factors independently related to a negative birth experience in first-time mothers. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 2 (2), 83-89.
  • Laursen, M., Hedegaard, M., Johansen, C. (2008). Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG, 115 (3), 354–360.
  • Lowe, N. K. (2000). Self-efficacy for labor and childbirth fears in nulliparous pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21 (4), 219-224.
  • Lukasse, M., Vangen, S., ØIAN, P., Schei, B. (2011). Fear of childbirth, women's preference for cesarean section and childhood abuse: a longitudinal study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 90 (1), 33-40.
  • Lyberg, A., Severinsson, E. (2010). Fear of childbirth: mothers' experiences of teammidwifery care-a follow-up study. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 383–390.
  • Mete, S., İsbir, G. G., Çeçe, Ö., Tokat, M. A. (2013). Doğuma Hazırlık Sınıfının Doğum Korkusuna, Doğuma Hazır Oluşluğa ve Doğum Şekli Tercihine Etkisi. 1. Ulusal Doğal Doğum Kongresi Kongre Kitabı. İstanbul. 24-26 Mayıs, 28.
  • Nieminen, K., Stephansson, O., Ryding, E. L. (2009). Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section–a cross‐sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 88 (7), 807-813.
  • Nilsson, C., Bondas, T., Lundgren, I. (2010). Previous birth experience in women with intense fear of childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39 (3), 298-309.
  • Ogboli-Nwasor, E. O., Adaji, S. E. (2014). Between pain and pleasure: Pregnant women's knowledge and preferences for pain relief in labor, a pilot study from Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 8 (1), 20.
  • Pang, M. W., Leung, T. N., Lau, T. K., Chung, H., Kwok, T. (2008). Impact of First Childbirth on Changes in Women’s Preference for Mode of Delivery: Follow‐up of a Longitudinal Observational Study. Birth, 35 (2), 121-128.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela‐Aro, K., Toivanen, R., Tokola, M., Halmesmäki, E., & Saisto, T. (2013). Obstetric outcome after intervention for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women–randomised trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 120 (1), 75-84.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela-Aro, K., Halmesmäki, E., Saisto, T. (2009). Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG: International Journal of Obstetric and Gynaecology, 116, 67–73.
  • Rouhe, H., Salmela-Aro, K., Toivanen, R., Tokola, M., Halmesmäki, E., Ryding, E. L., & Saisto, T. (2015). Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience-a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 36 (1), 1-9.
  • Ryding, E. L. (1993). Investigation of 33 women who demanded a cesarean section for personal reasons. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 72, 280–285.
  • Ryding, E.L., Wijma, B., Wijma, K., Rydhström, H. (1998b). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77, 542–547.
  • Ryding, E.L., Wijma, K., Wijma, B. (1998a). Predisposing psychological factors for posttraumatic stress reactions after emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77, 351–352.
  • Saisto, T., Halmesmaki, E. (2007). Fear of childbirth can be treated, and cesarean section on maternal request avoided. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 86, 1148-1149.
  • Saisto, T,, Halmesmaki, E. (2003). Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 82 (3), 201-208.
  • Saisto, T., Toivanen, R., Salmela-Aro, K., Halmesmaki, E. (2006) Therapeutic group psychoeducation and relaxation in treating fear of childbirth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 85 (11), 1315–1319
  • Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J. E., Könönen, T., & Halmesmäki, E. (2001a). A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 98 (5), 820- 826.
  • Saisto, T., Salmela-Aro, K., Nurmi, J.E., Halmesmäki, E. (2001b). Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth. BJOG: International Journal of Obstetric & Gynaecology, 108, 492–498.
  • Sakorntanun, W., Chatchawan, U., Hongrattana, K. (2012). The characteristics of labor pain during the active phase of primipara. Journal of Medical Technology and Physical Therapy, 24-22.
  • Sani, R. M. (2015). Doğum ağrısına kültürel yaklaşım. Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 1 (1).
  • Sayıner, F. D., Özerdoğan, N., Giray, S., Özdemir, E., Savcı, A. (2009). Kadınların doğum şekli tercihlerini etkileyen faktörler. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 17 (3), 104-112.
  • Scott, K. D., Klaus, P. H., Klaus, M. H. (1999). The obstetrical and postpartum benefits of continuous support during childbirth. Journal of Womens Health, 8 (10), 1257-1264.
  • Serçekuş, P., Okumuş, H. (2009). Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery, 25, 155–162.
  • Serçekuş, P., Mete, S. (2010). Effects of antenatal education on maternal prenatal and postpartum adaptation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66 (5), 999-1010.
  • Shakeri, M. (2014). Effect of Physiologic Labor on Pain Intensity during Active Phase of Labor. Researcher, 6 (6), 30-20.
  • Soderquist, J., Wijma, B., Thorbert, G., Wijma, K. (2009). Risk factors in pregnancy for post-traumatic stress and depression after childbirth. BJOG, 116, 672– 680
  • Stoll, K., Fairbrother, N., Carty, E., Jordan, N., Miceli, C., Vostrcil, Y., & Willihnganz, L. (2009). “It's all the rage these days”: university students' attitudes toward vaginal and cesarean birth. Birth, 36 (2), 133-140.
  • Storkesen, H., Eberhard-Gran, M., Garthus-Niegel, S., Eskild, A. (2012). Fear of childbirth; the relation to anxiety and depression. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91, 237–242
  • Sydsjö, G., Sydsjö, A., Gunnervik, C., Bladh, M., Josefsson, A. (2012). Obstetric outcome for women who received individualized treatment for fear of childbirth during pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 91, 44–49.
  • Şen, E., Dağ, H., Şenveli, S. (2015). The reasons for delivery-related fear and associated factors in western Turkey. Nursing Practice Today, 2(1).
  • Şen, A., Tokat M. A. (2015). The effect of fear experıenced durıng vagınal bırth on lactatıon, the baby's suckıng behavıor and fırst breastfeedıng. 2nd European Congress on Intrapartum Care Kongre Kitabı. Portekiz. 21-23 Mayıs, 13.
  • Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H., Rubertsson, C. (2015). Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women–Findings from a community sample in Sweden. Midwifery, 31 (4), 445-450.
  • Toohill, J., Fenwick, J., Gamble, J., Creedy, D.K. (2014). Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14 (275), 1-10.
  • Torloni, M. R., Betrán, A. P., Montilla, P., Scolaro, E., Seuc, A., Mazzoni, A., & Merialdi, M. (2013). Do Italian women prefer cesarean section? Results from a survey on mode of delivery preferences. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13 (78), 1-8.
  • Waldenström, U., Hildingsson, I., Ryding, E. L. (2006). Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG, 113, 638-646
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B., Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the WDEQ: a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetric Gynecology. 19, 84-97.
  • Wiklund, I., Edman, G., Ryding, E. L., Andolf, E. (2007). Expectations and experiences of childbirth in primiparae with caesarean section. BJOG, 115, 324-331.
  • Zar, M., Wijma, K., Wijma, B. (2001). Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Theraphy. 30 (2), 75-84.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Özlem Çiçek Bu kişi benim

Samiye Mete Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çiçek, Ö., & Mete, S. (2015). Sık Karşılaşılan Bir Sorun: Doğum Korkusu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(4), 263-268.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini, Türk Medline, Türkiye Atıf Dizini, Şubat 2021 tarihinden beri EBSCO Host ve 26 Ekim 2021 tarihinden itibaren DOAJ ve 18 Ocak 2022 tarihinden beri Index Copernicus tarafından indekslenmektedir.

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