Preterm Bebeklerde Gestasyonel Haftalara Göre Bireyselleştirilmiş Destekleyici Gelişimsel Bakım Uygulamaları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 283 - 293, 15.10.2019

Şerife Tutar Güven , Ayla Kaya , Ayşegül İşler Dalgıç

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne göre her yıl 15 milyon preterm doğum
meydana gelmekte ve yaklaşık bir milyon preterm erken doğum komplikasyonları
nedeniyle hayatını kaybetmektedir. İmmatürite, enfeksiyon ve yoğun bakım
ortamındaki çevresel faktörler (gürültü, parlak ışık, sık uygulanan dokunma
benzeri girişimler, ağrılı girişimler) preterm bebeğin gelişimsel sonuçlarını
olumsuz etkileyen stresörler arasındadır. Yapılan araştırmalarda hastanede
yatış ile stres ve travmanın preterm bebeklerin uzun süreli psikososyal sağlık
durumu üzerinde etkileri olduğu, bu etkilerin ortaya çıkmasında sağlık
çalışanlarının verdiği bakım, verilen bakımın özelliği ve bakıma ilişkin hasta
deneyiminin kritik rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Bireyselleştirilmiş
Destekleyici Gelişimsel Bakım; yenidoğan yoğun bakım ortamında çevresel
stresörlerin azaltılması, erken dönemde anne bebek ilişkisinin başlatılması,
bebeğin nörodavranışsal olgunlaşması ve organizasyonunu desteklemeyi içeren
kapsamlı bir programdır. Gestasyonel haftalarına göre gelişimsel özellikleri
farklı olan preterm bebeklere bu program doğrultusunda bakım verilirken gelişimsel
farklıklar göz önünde bulundurularak gerekli hazırlıklar ve uygulamalar
yapılmalıdır. Bu derleme makalemizdeki amaç; preterm bebeklere gestasyonel
haftalara göre bireyselleştirilmiş destekleyici gelişimsel bakım uygulamaları
doğrultusunda verilecek hemşirelik bakımını açıklamaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

preterm yenidoğan, bireyselleştirilmiş destekleyici gelişimsel bakım

Individualized Supportive Developmental Care Applications for Preterm Infants According to Gestational Weeks

Öz

15 million preterm births
occur each year according to the World Health Organization, and almost one
million preterms lose their lives due to premature birth complications.
Immaturity, infection and environmental factors in intensive care environment
(noise, bright light, frequently applied touch-like interventions and painful
interventions) are among the stressors that negatively affect the developmental
outcomes of the preterm infant. In the researches made, it was determined that
hospitalization, stress and trauma had effects on long-term psycho-social
health status of preterm infants, and that the care provided by the health care
workers, the characteristics of the care given and the patient experience related
to care played critical role in the emergence of these effects. Individualized
Supportive Developmental Care; is an extensive program which includes reducing
the environmental stressors, initiating the mother-baby relationship in the
early period, supporting the neurobehavioral maturation and organization of the
baby in the neonatal intensive care environment. While care is given to the
preterm infants whose developmental properties are different according to their
gestational weeks in line with this program, necessary preparations and
applications should be made by taking developmental differences into
consideration. The aim in this compilation paper is; to explain the nursing
care to be given to preterm infants according to individualized supportive
developmental care applications based on Synactive Theory according to
gestational weeks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Preterm Newborn, Individualized Supportive Developmental Care, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Kaynakça

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