Treatment Management of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Nursing Approaches

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 30 - 40, 15.01.2020

Öznur Erbay , Öznur Usta Yeşilbalkan , Ayfer Karadakovan

Öz

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently incurable, although a variety of treatment approaches are available, including physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and management strategies to mitigate the symptoms of MS. However, immunomodulatory agents are available that can modify the course of the disease by altering the pathological immune responses underlying MS. Treatment with these disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) aims to reduce the rate of acute neurological attacks, and can delay disability progression. Nurses play an effective and active role in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) for the managing the treatment regimen, education and follow-up for the disease. Nurses who giving one-to-one care to patients, have important responsibilities to understand the effects of disease modifying therapies (DMT) therapies that lead to changes in the prognosis of MS. Because DMT treatments can last throughout life, doctor, nurse and MS patient should be compatible. Patient adherence is very important in the treatment of MS and it is an important goal to ensure that the patient is fully benefited from treatment to improve adherence. It is important for nurses to know the effects and side effects of DMT and to understand the needs of MS patients in order to encourage the adherence of treatment to MS patients.  In this review, it is aimed to guide the nurses about how they can help MS patients to understand the clinical effects, potential side effects, patient monitoring requirements of MS treatment options and to be able to understand these effects, and to gain knowledge about MS treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Multiple Sclerosis, Nursing Management, Treatment

Multipl Sklerozlu Hastaların Tedavi Yönetimi ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları

Öz

Multipl
skleroz (MS) hastalığı, çeşitli tedavi yaklaşımlarına (fizyoterapi, psikoterapi
ve yönetim stratejileri) rağmen kesin tedavisi mümkün olmayan bir hastalıktır.
Ancak hastalığın altında yatan patolojik bağışıklık tepkilerini değiştiren
mevcut immünomodülatörler bu hastalığın gidişatını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu
hastalık için kullanılan, hastalığı modifiye edici ilaçlar [disease modifying
therapies (DMT)] akut nörolojik atakların oranını azaltmakta ve özürlülüğün
ilerlemesini geciktirebilmektedir. Multipl sklerozlu hastaların tedavi rejimi
ve hastalığa yönelik eğitim ve izlemde bu alanda çalışan hemşireler etkin ve
aktif bir rol oynamaktadır. Hastalığın prognozunda değişikliklere yol açan
hastalık modifiye edici tedavilerin etkilerini anlamak, hastalara birebir bakım
veren hemşirelerin önemli sorumluluklarındandır. Multipl skleroza yönelik bu
tedavilerinin yaşam boyunca sürebilmesi nedeniyle hekim ile birlikte hemşirenin
de MS hastasıyla uyumlu çalışması önemlidir. Hastalığın tedavisinde uyum çok
önemlidir ve tedaviye uyumu artırmak için hastanın tedaviden tam yarar
görmesini sağlamak önemli bir hedeftir. Hasta eğitiminde hastanın durumu,
uygulanması gereken tedavi ve tedavi yararlarının tartışılması bu hedefe
ulaşılmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Hemşirelerin, MS hastalarının tedaviye
uyumunu teşvik etmesi için DMT etki ve yan etkilerini bilmesi, MS hastasının
gereksinimlerini anlaması önemlidir.

Bu
derlemede mevcut MS tedavi seçeneklerinin oluşturabileceği klinik etkiler,
potansiyel yan etkiler, hasta izleme gereksinimleri ve hastaların bu etkileri
anlamasına nasıl yardımcı olacakları konusunda hemşirelere rehberlik etmek ve
MS tedavisine yönelik bilgi kazandırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Multipl skleroz, hemşirelik yönetimi, hastalık modifiye edici tedavi

Kaynakça

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