Pamela G. Reed's Self-Transcendence Theory Analysis and Evaluation

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 402 - 412, 15.07.2022

Yelda Kublay Saliha Hallaç

https://doi.org/10.46483/deuhfed.1021381

Öz

Many of the nursing theories have been tested; it has been proven by research that it has a great contribution to improving the quality of health care, expanding understanding in nursing research, and ensuring the development of societies with professional practices based on biopsychosocial approaches. In this context, this review article includes the analysis and evaluation of the nursing theories Pamela G. Reed's "Self-Transcendence Theory". For this, Fawcett's "Framework for the analysis and evaluation of nursing theories" was used. According to this structure, the analysis includes a non-judgmental, detailed examination of the theory, including "the scope of the theory, the context of the theory, and the content of the theory"; evaluation is within the scope of "importance, internal consistency, simplicity, testability, empirical competence and pragmatic competencies of the theory"; it was made in a way to answer the questions under each scope. The theorist of the theory is a psychiatric nurse, and the skills related to the application of the theory are in accordance with the nature of psychiatric nursing. When the literature is examined, no article has been found in our country that defines, analyzes and evaluates Self-Transcendence Theory. In this sense, it is thought that this article will contribute to the creation of useful models based on nursing theories in order to filling this gap in the field and facilitate the recognition, understanding and use of the theory.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing, Reed, Self Transcendence Theory.

Pamela G. Reed’in Öz Aşkınlık Kuramı Analiz ve Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Hemşirelik kuramlarının birçoğu test edilmiş; sağlık bakımında kaliteyi artırma, hemşirelik araştırmalarında anlamayı genişletme ve biyopsikososyal yaklaşımlara dayalı profesyonel uygulamalarla toplumların gelişimini sağlama konusunda büyük katkıları olduğu araştırmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu derleme makalesinde, hemşirelik kuramlarından Pamela G. Reed’ in “Öz Aşkınlık Kuramı” nın analiz edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için Fawcett’ in “Hemşirelik kuramlarının analizi ve değerlendirilmesi için çerçeve” si kullanılmıştır. Bu yapıya göre analiz “kuramın kapsamı, kuramın bağlamı ve kuramın içeriği” dahil olmak üzere kuramın yargılayıcı olmayan, ayrıntılı bir incelemesini içermektedir. Değerlendirme “kuramın önem, iç tutarlılık, sadelik, test edilebilirlik, ampirik yeterlilik ve pragmatik yeterlilikleri” kapsamında olup; her bir kapsamın altında yer alan sorulara yanıt oluşturacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Kuramın teorisyeni psikiyatri hemşiresi olup, kuramın uygulanmasına ilişkin beceriler psikiyatri hemşireliğinin doğasına uygundur. Alanyazın incelendiğinde ülkemizde, Öz Aşkınlık Kuramı’ nı tanımlayan, analiz eden ve değerlendiren herhangi bir makaleye rastlanmamıştır. Bu anlamda alandaki bu boşluğun doldurulması, kuramın tanınması, anlaşılması ve kullanımını kolaylaştırmak amacıyla bu makalenin yararlı ve hemşirelik kuramlarına temellendirilmiş modellerin oluşturulmasında katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik, Reed, Öz Aşkınlık Kuramı.

Kaynakça

• 1. Bayat M. Hemşirelik teorileri, modelleri. İçinde Karadağ A, Çalışkan N, Baykara ZG, Hemşirelik Teorileri ve Modelleri. 1. Basım. İstanbul: Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık; 2017:30-52.
• 2. Fawcett J. Contemporary nursing knowledge: Analysis and evaluation of nursing models and theories. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: Fa Davis Company; 2005:441-450.
• 3. Fiske E. Self-Transcendence theory and contemplative practices. Holist Nurs Pract 2019;33(5):266–72.
• 4. Mckenna HP, Pajnkihar M, Murhpy FA. Uygun bir kuram ya da model nasıl seçilir? Hemşirelik Kuramları Modelleri ve Uygulama Esasları. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitapevi; 2019. p. 156.
• 5. Sarıçam H. Öz aşkınlık ölçeği Türkçe formunun psikometrik özellikleri. Eurasian Academy of Sciences 2015;5:25-34.
• 6. Reed PG. Pamela G. Reed's theory of self-transcendence. In Smith MCP, Marilyn E, Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. 4. Edition. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2015:411-460.
• 7. Reed PG. Toward a nursing theory of self transcendence: Deductive reformulation using developmental theories. Adv Nurs Sci 1991;13(4):64-77.
• 8. Reed PG. Demystifying self-transcendence for mental health nursing practice and research. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2009;23(5):397-400.
• 9. Reed PG. Theory of self-transcendence. In Smith MJL, Patricia R, Middle Range Theory for Nursing. 3. Edition. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2014:109-139.
• 10. Reed PG. Implications of the life-span developmental framework for well-being in adulthood and aging. Adv Nurs Sci 1983;6(1):18-25.
• 11. Reed PG. Spirituality and well-being in terminally ill hospitalized adults. Res Nurs Health 1987;10(5):335-44.
• 12. Coward DD. Self-transcendence theory. In Alligood MR, Nursing Theorist and Their Work. 8.Edition. Missouri: Elsevier Mosby; 2014:574-592.
• 13. Coward DD, Reed PG. Self transcendence: A resource for healing at the end of life. Issues Ment Health Nurs 1996;17(2):75- 288.
• 14. Platon. Devlet. İstanbul: Islık Yayınları; 2016:210
• 15. Reed PG. Transcendence: Formulating nursing perspectives. Nurs Sci Q 1996;9(1):2-3.
• 16. Doğan M. Doğan Büyük Türkçe Sözlük. 2. Basım. İstanbul: Pınar Yayınları; 2005:91
• 17. Reed PG, Haugan G. Self-Transcendence: A Salutogenic Process for Well-Being. Health Promotion in Health Care–Vital Theories and Research: Springer, Cham; 2021. p. 103-15.
• 18. Reed PG. Self-transcendence and mental health in the oldest-old adults. Nurs Res 1991;40(1):5-11.
• 19. Haugan G, Rannestad T, Garåsen H, Hammervold R, Espnes GA. The self-transcendence scale: an investigation of the factor structure among nursing home patients. J Holist Nurs 2012;30(3):147-59.
• 20. Fiske EA. Self-transcendence, well-being, and vulnerability in healthcare mission participants. Nurs Sci Q 2019;32(4):306- 13.
• 21. Runquist JJ, Reed PG. Self-transcendence and well-being in homeless adults. J Holist Nurs 2007;20(2):118-22.
• 22. Reed PG. Developmental resources and depression in the elderly. Nurs Res 1986;35(6):368-74.
• 23. Reed PG. Mental health of older adults. West J Nurs Res 1989;11(2):143-63.
• 24. Stinson CK, Kirk E. Structured reminiscence: An intervention to decrease depression and increase self-transcendence in older women. J Clin Nurs 2006;15:208–18.
• 25. Ellermann CR, Reed PG. Self-transcendence and depression in middle-age adults. West J Nurs Res 2001;23(7):698-713.
• 26. Kim SS, Hayward RD, Reed PG. Self-transcendence, spiritual perspective, and sense of purpose in family caregiving relationships: a mediated model of depression symptoms in Korean older adults. Aging Ment Health 2014;18(7):905–13.
• 27. Iwamoto R, Yamawaki N, Sato T. Increased self-transcendence in patients with intractable diseases. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011;65:638–47.
• 28. Upchurch S. Self-transcendence and activities of daily living: The woman with the pink slippers. J Holist Nurs 1999;17(3):251–66.
• 29. JadidMilani M, Ashktorab T, AbedSaeedi Z, AlaviMajd H. The impact of self-transcendence on physical health status promotion in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients attending peer support groups. Int J Nurs Pract 2015;21:725–32.
• 30. Walsh SM, Lamet AR, Lindgren CL, Rillstone P, Little DJ, Steffey CM, et al. Art in alzheimer’s care: promoting well-being in people with late-stage alzheimer’s disease. Rehabilitation Nurs 2011;36(2):66-72.
• 31. Vitale SA, Shaffer CM, Fenton HRA. Self-transcendence in alzheimer’s disease the application of theory to practice. J Holist Nurs 2014;32(4):347–55.
• 32. Coward DD. The lived experience of self-transcendence in women with AIDS. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1995;24(4):314–8.
• 33. Kausch KD, Amer K. Self transcendence and depression among AIDS memorial quilt panel maker. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2007;45(6):45-53.
• 34. DiNapoli JM, Garcia-Dia MJ, Garcia-Ona L, O’Flaherty D, Siller J. A theory-based computer mediated communication intervention to promote mental health and reduce high-risk behaviors in the LGBT population. Appl Nurs Res 2014;27:91- 3.
• 35. Coward DD, Kahn DL. Transcending breast cancer making meaning from diagnosis and treatment. J Holist Nurs 2005;23(3):264-83.
• 36. Coward DD. Facilitation of self-transcendence in a breast cancer support group II. ONF 2003;30(Part 1 of 2):291–300.
• 37. Coward DD, Kahn DL. Resolution of spiritual disequilibrium by women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. ONF 2004;31(2):24-31.
• 38. Thomas JC, Burton M, Griffin MTQ, Fitzpatrick JJ. Self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and spiritual practices of women with breast cancer. J Holist Nurs 2010;28(2):115-22.
• 39. Hunnibell LS, Reed PG, Quinn-Griffin M, Fitzpatrick JJ. Self-transcendence and burnout in hospice and oncology nurses. JHPN 2008;10(3):172-9.
• 40. Palmer B, Griffin MTQ, Reed PG, Fitzpatrick JJ. Self-transcendence and work engagement in acute care staff registered nurses. Crit Care Nurs Q 2010;33(2):138–47.
• 41. Chen S, Walsh SM. Effect of a creative-bonding intervention on taiwanese nursing students’ self- transcendence and attitudes toward elders. Res Nurs Health 2008;32:204–16.
• 42. Acton GJ, Wright KB. Self-transcendence and family caregivers of adults with dementia. J Holist Nurs 2000;18(2):143-58.
• 43. Enyert G, Burman ME. A qualitative study of self-transcendence in caregivers of terminally ill patients. AJHPM 1999;16(2):455–62.
• 44. Bajjani-Gebara J, Hinds P, Insel K, Reed P, Moore K, Badger T. Well-being, self-transcendence, and resilience of parental caregivers of children in active cancer treatment. Cancer Nurs 2018;0(0):1-12.
• 45. Haugan G, Deliktaş AD, Kabukcuoglu K, Aune I. Self-transcendence among adults 65 years and older: A meta-analysis. Scand J Caring Sci 2021;00:1-13.
• 46. Haugan G. Nurse–patient interaction is a resource for hope, meaning in life and self-transcendence in nursing home patients. Scand J Caring Sci 2014;28:74-88.
• 47. Levenson MR, Jennings PA, Aldwin CM, Shiraishi RW. Self-transcendence: conceptualization and measurement. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2005;60(2):127-43.
• 48. Alexander J, McAllister M, Brien DL. Exploring the diary as a recovery-oriented therapeutic tool. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2016;25:19–26.
• 49. Haugan G, Rannestad T, Hanssen B, Espnes GA. Self-transcendence and nurse–patient interaction in cognitively intact nursing home patients. J Clin Nurs 2012;21:3429–41.
• 50. Sharpnack PA, Griffin MTQ, Benders AM, Fitzpatrick JJ. Self-transcendence and spiritual well-being in the amish. J Holist Nurs 2011;29(2):91-7.
• 51. Vago DR, Silbersweig DA. Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): A framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Front Hum Neurosci 2012;6(296):1-30.