THE FOUNDATIONS OF USUL AL-FIQH: LEGAL EVIDENCES IN PROPHET‟S TIMES
Öz
Although usūl al-fiqh as an Islamic
discipline had been developed later, some major criteria of methodology could
be found in the Prophet Muhammad’s words and deeds. The Prophet had clearly
separated his words and the verbatim revelation (the Qur’ān) in terms of superiority
in his life. But, after his death, scholars tried to ease the separation
between Prophet’s words and the revelation. This investigation led them to
discuss whether the Prophet’s private opinions are possible or not in the legal
issues. According to our conclusion, the Prophet’s private opinions gave birth
to legal analogy (qiyās), customs, and earlier laws –as
they were documented later- in Islamic legal methodology. Mainly, we examined
the literature by asking “what does legal evidence mean?” during the life of
the Prophet
Anahtar Kelimeler
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