KONSTRÜKTİVİZMDE DIŞ POLİTİKA VE ETNİK KİMLİKLER

Öz

Etnik kimliklerin uluslararası ilişkiler alanında görünürlükleri gittikçe artmaktadır.Farklı kimliklerin etkilerini ele almak dış politika analizinde önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu makale, konstrüktivist yaklaşımlardan Nicholas Onuf’un kural ağırlıklı konstrüktivizminin etnik kimliklerin dış politika alanındaki etkisini ele almaya uygun bir çerçeve sunduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Çalışma, kural ağırlıklı konstrüktivizmin epistemolojik ve ontolojik anlayışı ile farklı kimliklerin dış politikada etkili olma yollarını ana-akım konstrüktivizme göre daha iyi gösterdiğini savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kural Ağırlıklı Konstrüktivizm, Etnik Kimlikler, Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Dış Politika

FOREIGN POLICY AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES IN CONSTRUCTIVISM

Öz

Ethnic identities are becoming more salient in the field of international relations. Thus,it is important to take into account the effectiveness of ethnic identities in foreign policyanalysis. This article claims that Nicholas Onuf’s rule oriented constructivism, one of theconstructivist approaches, offers a useful framework for analyzing the impact of ethnicidentities on foreign policy. It argues that rule oriented constructivism demonstrates better,compared with mainstream constructivism, the ways ethnic identities affect foreign policythrough its epistemological and ontological approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rule Oriented Constructivism, Ethnic Identities, International Relations and Foreign Policy

Kaynakça

1. CORNELL, S., HARTMANN, D., (1998), Enthnicity and Race, Making Identities in a Changing World, Pine Forge Press, California.
2. ERIKSEN, T. H., (1997), “Ethnicity, race and nation”, The Ethnicity Reader, (Ed. Montserrat Guibernau ve John Rex), Polity Press, Cambridge, 33-42.
3. ERIKSEN, T. H., (2002), Etnisite ve Milliyetçilik, Avesta Yayınları, İstanbul.
4. GEERTZ, C., (1973), Interpretation of Cultures, Selected Essays, Basic Books, New York.
5. GELLNER, E., (1998), Milliyetçiliğe Bakmak, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. GIDDENS, A., (2004), Modernliğin Sonuçları, 3. B., (Çev. E. Kuşdil), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
7. HOBSBAWM, E., (2006), Milletler ve Milliyetçilik, 3. B., (Çev. O. Akınhay), Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
8. HOFFMAN, S., (1977), “An American Social Science: International Relations”, Daedalus, C. 106, Sayı 3, 41-60.

9. HOPF, T., (1998), “The Promise of Constructivism in International Relations Theory”, International Security, 23 (1), 171-200.
10. HOROWITZ, D. L., (1985), Ethnic Groups in Conflict, University of California Press, London.
11. HUNTINGTON, S. P., (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon&Schuster, New York.
12. KATZENSTEIN, P. J., (1996), (Ed.), The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, Columbia University Press, New York.
13. KOSLOWSKI, R., KRATOCHWIL, F. V., (1994), “Understanding Change in International Politics: the Soviet Empire’s Demise and the International System”, International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 2.
14. KEOHANE, R. O. ve NYE, J., (1989), Power and Interdependence, 2. B., Scott, Foresman, Boston.
15. KEYMAN, E. F., (2000) Küreselleşme, Devlet, Kimlik/Farklılık: Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramını Yeniden Düşünmek, (Çev. S. Coşar), Alfa Yayınları, İstanbul.
16. KOWERT, P. A., (2001) “Toward a Constructivist Theory of Foreign Policy”, Foreign Policy in a Constructed World, (Ed. V. Kubalkova), M. E. Sharpe, New York, 266-287.
17. KUBALKOVA, V., (2001a), “Foreign Policy, International Politics, and Constructivism”, Foreign Policy in a Constructed World, (Ed. V. Kubalkova), M. E. Sharpe, New York, 15-37.
18. KUBALKOVA, V., (2001b), “A Constructivist Primer”, Foreign Policy in a Constructed World, (Ed. V. Kubalkova), M. E. Sharpe, New York, 56-77. MOYNIHAN, D. P., (1993), Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics, Oxford University Press, London.
19. ONUF, N., (1989), World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations, University of South Carolina Press, Columbia.
20. ONUF, N., (1998), “Constructivism, A User’s Manual”, International Relations in A Constructed World, (Ed. V. Kubalkova, N. Onuf ve P. Kowert), M. E. Sharpe, New York, 58-78.
21. ROSENAU, J. N., (1990), Turbulence in World Politics, A Theory of Change and Continuity, Princeton, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
22. SAIDEMAN, S. M., (2001), The Ties that Divide, Ethnic Politics, Foreign Policy, and International Conflict, Columbia University Press, New York.
23. SMITH, A. D., (2002), Ulusların Etnik Kökeni,( Çev. S. Bayramoğlu, H. Kendir), Dost Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara.
24. SMITH, S., (1996), “Positivism and Beyond”, International Theory: Positivism and Beyond, Der. S. Smith, K. Booth, M. Zalewski, Cambridge University Press, New York.
25. SMITH, S., (2001), “Foreign Policy is What States Make of It: Social Construction and International Relations Theory”, Foreign Policy in a Constructed World, (Ed. V. Kubalkova), M. E. Sharpe, New York, 38-56.
26. WALTZ, K. N., (1979), Theory of International Politics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., Boston.
27. WEBER, M. (1997), “What is an Ethnic Group?”, The Ethnicity Reader, (Ed. M. Guibernau, J. Rex), Polity Press, Cambridge, 15-26.
28. WENDT, A., (1987), “The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory”, International Organization, 41 (3), 335-370.
29. WENDT, A., (1999), Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.