L-Cysteine Concentration Dependent -Zn(OH)2 Formation and ZnO Structures with Different Morphology as Calcination Products

Öz

Structural characterization of the precipitation products of zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide obtained using L-cysteine additive was carried out. XRD analysis showed that -Zn(OH)2 crystal structure formed in the synthesis condition where L-cysteine:zinc molar ratio was 0.165:1. Plate-like morphology, was oberved in the SEM micrograph of this sample. No crystal structure was apparent upon increasing L-cysteine:zinc ratio ten fold. L-cysteine contents of the samples synthesized at low and high L-cysteine:zinc ratios were calculated as 6.0 % and 38.4 %, respectively. Calcination of both samples at 700oC for 2 hours yielded formation of ZnO. In the UV-Vis spectra of the ZnO samples two peaks were observed at 329 nm and 381 nm. Crystal defects of these samples were determined via PL spectroscopy

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -Zn(OH)2, ZnO, L-Cysteine, XRD

L-SİSTEİN DERİŞİMİNE BAĞLI B-Zn(OH)2 OLUŞUMU VE KALSİNASYON ÜRÜNLERİ OLARAK FARKLI MORFOLOJİDEKİ ZnO YAPILARI

Öz

L-sistein katkı maddesi kullanılarak çinko nitrat ve sodyum hidroksitin çöktürme işlemiyle elde edilen ürünlerin yapısal karakterizasyonları L-sistein:çinko mol oranının 0.165:1 olduğu sentez koşullarında -Zn(OH)2 kristal yapısının oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Örneğin SEM görüntülerinde L-sistein:çinko oranı on kat artırıldığında ise belirgin bir kristal yapı oluşmamıştır. Düşük ve yüksek sistein: çinko oranında sentezlenen örneklerin L-sistein içerikleri sırasıyla % 6.0 ve % 38.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Her iki örneğin 700oC’de 2 saat kalsinasyonu ZnO oluşumuyla sonuçlanmıştır. ZnO örneklerinin UV-Vis spektrumlarında 329 nm ve 381 nm’de olmak üzere iki pik gözlenmiştir. Bu örneklerdeki kristal kusurları PL spektroskopisi ile belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• -Zn(OH)2, ZnO, L-Sistein, XRD

Kaynakça

1. [1] Henry, R.J., Berkman, S. 1957. Absorbance of Various Protein-Free filtrates of Serum, Clinical Chemistry, Cilt. 3, s. 711-715.
2. [2] Scopes R. K., Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, 1994. Third Edition, Springer, New York, 173s.
3. [3] Szamos, J., Maczó, A., Gelencsér, É. 2012. Application of Zinc Hydroxide in the Purification of Bean AlphaAmylase Inhibitor, Acta Alimentaria, Cilt. 41, s. 272-276. DOI: 10.1556/AAlim.41.2012.2.14
4. [4] Bae, H.S., Jung, H. 2012. Electron Beam Mediated Simple Synthetic Route to Preparing Layered Zinc Hydroxide, Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, Cilt. 33, s. 1949-1954. DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.1949
5. [5] Kandare, E., Hossenlopp, J.M. 2005. Hydroxy Double Salt Anion Exchange Kinetics: Effects of Precursor Structure and Anion Size, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Cilt. 109, s. 8469-8475. DOI: 10.1021/jp0465433
6. [6] Thomas, N., Rajamathi, M. 2011. Near 100% Selectivity in Anion Exchange Reactions of Layered Zinc Hydroxy Nitrate, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Cilt. 362, s. 493-496. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.078
7. [7] Bull, R.M., Markland, C., Williams, G.R., O'Hare, D. 2011. Hydroxy Double Salts as Versatile Storage and Delivery Matrices, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Cilt. 21, s. 1822-1828. DOI: 10.1039/C0JM03020A
8. [8] Ahmad, R., Hussein, M.Z., Sarijo, S.H., Abdul Kadir, W.R.W., Yun Hin, T.Y. 2016. Synthesis and Characteristics of Valeric AcidZinc Layered Hydroxide Intercalation Material for Insect Pheromone Controlled Release Formulation, Journal of Materials, Cilt. 2016, s. 1285721. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1285721

9. [9] Rogez, G., Massobrio, C., Rabu, P., Drillon, M. 2011. Layered Hydroxide Hybrid Nanostructures: A Route to Multifunctionality, Chemical Society Reviews, Cilt. 40, s. 1031-1058. DOI: 10.1039/C0CS00159G
10. [10] Machovsky, M., Kuritka, I., Sedlák, J., Pastorek, M. 2013. Hexagonal ZnO Porous Plates Prepared from Microwave Synthesized Layered Zinc Hydroxide Sulphate via Thermal Decomposition, Materials Research Bulletin, Cilt. 48, s. 4002-4007. DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.06.018
11. [11] Demel, J., Pleštil, J., Bezdička, P., Janda, P., Klementová, M., Lang, K. 2011. Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts: Delamination, Preferred Orientation of Hydroxide Lamellae, and Formation of ZnO Nanodiscs, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Cilt. 360, s. 532-539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.024
12. [12] Cursino, A.C., Rives, V., Carlos, L.D., Rocha, J., Wypych, F. 2015. Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts Intercalated with Anionic Surfactants and Adsolubilized with UV Absorbing Organic Molecules, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Cilt. 26, s. 1769-1780. DOI: 10.5935/0103- 5053.20150152
13. [13] Lee, J.W., Choi, W.C., Kim, J.D. 2010. Size-Controlled Layered Zinc Hydroxide Intercalated with Dodecyl Sulfate: Effect of Alcohol Type on Dodecyl Sulfate Template, CrystalEngComm, Cilt. 12, s. 3249- 3254. DOI: 10.1039/C002296A
14. [14] Top, A., Çetinkaya, H. 2015. Zinc Oxide and Zinc Hydroxide Formation via Aqueous Precipitation: Effect of the Preparation Route and Lysozyme Addition, Materials Chemistry and Physics, Cilt. 167, s. 77-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.10.013
15. [15] Özgür, Ü., Alivov, Y.I., Liu, C., Teke, A., Reshchikov, M., Doğan, S., Avrutin, V., Cho, S.J., Morkoc, H. 2005. A Comprehensive Review of ZnO Materials and Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Cilt. 98, s. 041301. DOI: 10.1063/1.1992666
16. [16] Djurišić, A.B., Leung, Y.H. 2006. Optical Properties of ZnO Nanostructures, Small, Cilt. 2, s. 944-996. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600134
17. [17] Murugan, R., Woods, T., Fleming, P., Sullivan, D., Ramakrishna, S. 2014. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Application of ZnO Nanoarrows, Materials Letters, Cilt. 128, s. 404-407. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.04.081
18. [18] Chu, D., Masuda, Y., Ohji, T., Kato, K. 2009. Formation and Photocatalytic Application of ZnO Nanotubes Using Aqueous Solution, Langmuir, Cilt. 26, s. 2811-2815. DOI: 10.1021/la902866a
19. [19] Zhang, Z., Xiong, H.M. 2015. Photoluminescent ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Biological Applications. Materials, Cilt. 8, s. 3101-3127. DOI: 10.3390/ma8063101
20. [20] Al-Sabahi, J., Bora, T., Al-Abri, M., Dutta, J. 2016. Controlled Defects of Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol, Materials, Cilt. 9, s. 238. DOI: 10.3390/ma9040238
21. [21] Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis. Nature Methods, Cilt. 9, s. 671-675. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2089
22. [22] Ramadani, A., Pratapa, S. 2015. Line Broadening Correction in X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Nanomaterials Characterization Using Calcined Yttrium OxidePowder as a Standard Material. Proceeding of International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Sciences, 17-19 Mayıs, Yogyakarta State University, P1-P8.
23. [23] Ghotbi, M. Y. 2010. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Sized - Zn(OH)2 and Its Decomposed Product, Nano-Zinc Oxide, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Cilt. 491, s. 420-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.10.214
24. [24] Li, P., Xu, Z,P,, Hampton, M.A., Vu, D,T., Huang, L., Rudolph, V., Nguyen, A.V. 2012. Control Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanocrystals and Examination of the Chemical and Structural Stability, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 116, s. 10325- 10332. DOI: 10.1021/jp300045u
25. [25] Mohammed, A.V., Arulappan, J.A.P., Sunitha, T. G. 2015. Investigations on Growth and Characterization of L-Cysteine Hydrochloride, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Cilt. 7, s. 910-915
26. [26] Aznan, N.A.K., Johan, M.R. 2012. Quantum Size Effect in ZnO Nanoparticles via Mechanical Milling, Journal of Nanomaterials, Cilt. 2012, s. 439010. DOI: 10.1155/2012/439010
27. [27] Giri, P., Bhattacharyya, S., Singh, D.K., Kesavamoorthy, R., Panigrahi, B., Nair, K. 2007. Correlation between Microstructure and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Ball Milling. Journal of Applied Physics, Cilt. 102, s. 093515. DOI: 10.1063/1.2804012
28. [28] Willander, M., Nur, O., Sadaf, J.R., Qadir, M.I., Zaman, S., Zainelabdin, A., Bano, N., Hussain, I. 2010. Luminescence from Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Polymers and their Hybrid Devices, Materials, Cilt. 3, s. 2643-2667. DOI: 10.3390/ma3042643
29. [29] Liu, D., Lv, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Zhu, Y., Zong, R., Zhu, Y. 2014. DefectRelated Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties of Porous ZnO Nanosheets, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Cilt. 2, s. 15377-15388. DOI: 10.1039/c4ta02678k
30. [30] Chen, D., Wang, Z., Ren, T., Ding, H., Yao, W., Zong, R., Zhu, Y. 2014. Influence of Defects on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 118, s. 15300-15307. DOI: 10.1021/jp5033349
31. [31] Demel, J., Kubát, P., Jirka, I,, Kovár, P,, Pospı́šil, M., Lang, K. 2010. Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Materials: Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts with Intercalated Porphyrin Sensitizers, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 114, s. 16321- 16328. DOI: 10.1021/jp106116n
32. [32] Si, S., Taubert, A., Mantion, A., Rogez, G., Rabu, P. 2012. PeptideIntercalated Layered Metal Hydroxides: Effect of Peptide Chain Length and Side Chain Functionality on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties, Chemical Science Cilt. 3, s. 1945-1957. DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01087a
33. [33] Demel, J., Hynek, J., Kovar, P., Dai, Y., Taviot-Gueho, C., Demel, O., Pospisil, M., Lang, K. 2014. Insight into the Structure of Layered Zinc Hydroxide Salts Intercalated with Dodecyl Sulfate Anions, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Cilt. 118, s. 27131-27141. DOI: 10.1021/jp508499g
34. [34] Xue, L., Mei, X., Zhang, W., Yuan, L., Hu, X., Huang, Y., Yanagisawa, K. 2010. Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate Large Flakes: Application in Gas Sensor Based on a Novel Surface Mount Technology, Sensors and Actuators