EFFECT OF EVAPORATION PROCESS ON THE WASTEWATER CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATABILITY OF BAKER’S YEAST INDUSTRY

Öz

Baker’s yeast industry is one of the most important branches of agro-industry that produces yeast through aerobic fermentation of molasses. Wastewater generated from baker’s yeast industries is characterized with high chemical oxygen demand (COD), high total nitrogen (TN), high sulfate, high dissolved solids concentrations, dark color and low readily biodegradable organic pollutants. The objective of this study is to determine and evaluate the environmental and economical effects of the installation of evaporation process to treat yeast separation unit effluent, which is the main pollutant source (>80% of total COD load) in a baker’s yeast industry. The variations in biogas flow, and pollutant loads of the investigated industrial effluent after the installation of evaporation process were presented. After the installation of the evaporation process, 53% and 66% decreases were observed in COD and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) loads, respectively. Evaporation is an energy intensive process. After the installation of evaporation process, it was possible to achieve TKN concentration and color below 80 mg/L and 400 Pt-Co in the biological treatment plant effluent, respectively. However, the feasibility of the system can be improved by the valorization of the recovered byproducts namely vinasse and potassium sulphate (K2SO4)

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Baker’s Yeast Industry Evaporation Process, Industrial Wastewater Treatment

EVAPORASYON PROSESİNİN MAYA ENDÜSTRİSİ ATIKSU KARAKTERİZASYONU VE ARITILABİLİRLİĞİNE ETKİSİ

Öz

Ekmek mayası üretimi tarıma dayalı endüstriler içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ekmek mayası endüstrisi atıksuları yüksek kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), toplam azot (TN), sülfat ve çözünmüş katı madde konsantrasyonları, koyu kahverengi renk ve nispeten düşük kolay ayrışan organik madde içeriği ile karakterize edilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, maya endüstrisindeki en önemli kirletici kaynaklardan biri olan maya ayırım (seperasyon) prosesi atıksularının (toplam KOİ yükünün >%80’i) evaporasyon teknolojisi ile arıtımının, endüstrinin kirlenme profili ve atıksu yönetimine etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Evaporasyon prosesinin kurulumu öncesinde ve sonrasında mevcut arıtma tesisine gelen kirletici yükleri ve biyogaz üretimindeki değişimler incelenmiştir. Evaporasyon prosesi sonrasında, KOİ ve toplam Kjeldahl azotu (TKN) yüklerinde sırasıyla %53 ve %66 azalma olmuştur. Enerji yoğun bir proses olan evaporasyonun esas faydası koyu renkli ve yüksek TKN yüklü atıksuların buharlaştırılması sayesinde alıcı ortam deşarj standartlarının daha kolay sağlanabilmesidir. Evaporasyon kurulumu sonrası incelenen atıksu arıtma tesisinde TKN ≤ 80 mg/L ve toplam renk ≤ 400 Pt-Co düzeyinde bir çıkış suyu kalitesi elde edilebilmektedir. Evaporasyon prosesi yan ürünleri olan vinas ve potasyum sülfatın (K2SO4) hayvan yemi ve gübre olarak pazarlanmasıyla işletme maliyetleri kısmen de olsa azaltılabilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekmek Mayası Üretimi, Endüstriyel Atıksu Arıtımı, Evaporasyon Prosesi

Kaynakça

1. Koplimaa, M., Menert, A., Blonskaja, V., Kurissoo, T., Zub, S., Saareleht, M., Vaarmets, E., Menert, T. 2010. Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Studies
2. Degradation of Baker’s Yeast Wastewater, Procedia Chemistry, Cilt. 2, s. 120-129.
3. Anaerobic [2] Liang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, H. 2009. Coagulation Removal of Melanoidins From Biologically Treated Molasses Wastewater Using Ferric Chloride, Chemical Engineering Journal, Cilt. 152, s. 88-94.
4. Catalkaya, E.C., Sengul, F. 2006. Application
5. Experimental Design Method for the Photodegradation of Baker’s Yeast Industry With UV/H2O2 and UV/H2O2/Fe(II) Process, Journal of Hazardous Materials B, Cilt. 128, s. 201-207.
6. Box–Wilson [4] Kalyuzhnyi, S., Gladchenko, M., Starostina, E., Shcherbakov, S., Versprille, A. 2005. Combined Biological and Physico-Chemical Treatment
7. Wastewater, Water Science and Technology, Cilt. 52(1-2), s. 175- 181.
8. Yeast [5] SKKY, Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation. 2004. Official Gazette No: 25687, 31.12.2004.

9. Ukita, M., Imai, T., Hung, Y.T. 2006. Food Waste Treatment. ss 291- 319, Wang, L.K., Hung, Y.T., Lo, H.H., Yapijakis, C., ed. 2006. Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment, CRC Press, USA. [7] Cheremisinoff, N.P.
10. Handbook of Chemical Processing Equipment. Heinemann, Woburn. [8] Hoffman, P. 2004.
11. Plate Evaporators in Food Industry- Theory and Practice, Journal of Food Engineering, Cilt. 61, s. 515- 520.
12. Krajnc, D., Mele, M., Glavic, P. 2007. Improving the Economic and Environmental Performances of the Beet Sugar Industry in Slovenia: Increasing Fuel Efficiency and Using By-products for Ethanol, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt. 15, s. 1240-1252.
13. Gourdon, M., Innings, F., Jongsma, A., Vamling, L. 2015. Qualitative Investigation of the
14. Flow Crystallization Separation Process, [12] Gourdon, M., Mura, E. 2017. Performance Evaluation of Falling Film Evaporators in the Dairy Industry, Food and Bioproducts Processing, Cilt. 101, s. 22-31.
15. Ozturk, I., Koyuncu, I., Altinbas, M., Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E., Dereli, R.K. 2010. Process and Pollution Profile of Pak Gida A.S. Facility and Evaluation of the Treatment Plant Performance
16. Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul [14] APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for Examination
17. Wastewater. 21. ed. American Public Health Association, USA.
18. Ersahin, M.E., Dereli, R.K., Ozgun, H., Donmez, B.G., Koyuncu, I., Altinbas, M., Ozturk, I. 2011. Source Based
19. Pollution Profile of A Baker’s Yeast Industry, Clean-Soil Air Water, Cilt. 39(6), s. 543-548.
20. and [16] Waliszewski, K.N., Romero, A., Pardio, V.T. 1997. Use of Cane Condensed Molasses Solubles in Feeding Broilers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, Cilt. 67, s. 253-258.
21. van Haandel, A.C. 2005. Integrated Energy Production and Reduction of the Environmental Impact at Alcohol Distillery Plants, Water Science and Technology, Cilt. 52(1- 2), s. 49-57.
22. Tauk, S.M. 1982. Alternative Uses for Vinasse, An Alcohol Industry Residue: A Review, Environmental Technology Letters, Cilt. 3, s. 411- 414.
23. Gidner, A., Jernqvist, A., Aly, G. 1996.
24. Evaporation Plant for Treating Bleach Plant Effluents, Applied Thermal Engineering, Cilt. 16, s. 33-42.
25. Efficient [20] Madaeni, S.S., Zereshki, S. 2010. Energy Consumption for Sugar Manufacturing. Part I: Evaporation Versus Reverse Osmosis, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt. 51, s. 1270-1276.