PCDD/F Emissions of Gas Stream at Shutdown Period of Hazardous Waste Incinerators: A Case Study for IZAYDAS

Öz

In this study, it was investigated that PCDD/Fs emissions of a shutdown period of the IZAYDAŞ which is the first hazardous waste incinerator of Turkey. For this purpose, the samples of the waste gas stream obtained in three different temperatures of a shutdown period of the facility were analyzed for the gas and the particulate phase concentrations separately. Samplings were obtained from four different points like boiler outlet, electrostatic filter outlet, scrubber outlet, and activated carbon bed outlet, for every temperature regimes. The findings indicated that the emission characteristics of the shutdown periods of the facility could be different from not only the characteristics of the normal operations but also the startup periods of the same facility. In conclusion, to perform different management strategies for different operation conditions of the facility seems like an obligation for the managers

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Waste Incineration, Dioxins, Shutdown Period, "Memory Effect"

Tehlikeli Atık Yakma Tesislerinin Duruş Periyodunda Gaz Akışı PCDD/F Emisyonları: İZAYDAŞ İçin Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin ilk tehlikeli atık yakma tesisi olan İZAYDAŞ'ın bir duruş periyodundaki PCDD/Fs emisyonları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, tesisin bir duruş periyodunun 3 farklı sıcaklık rejimi için atık gaz akımından alınan numuneler gaz ve partikül faz konsantrasyonları için ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Örneklemeler, her bir sıcaklık rejimi için boiler çıkışı, elektrostatik filtre çıkışı, yıkayıcı çıkışı ve aktif karbon ünitesi çıkışı olmak üzere 4 farklı noktada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, duruş periyodundaki emisyon davranışlarının yalnızca normal işletim periyodu değil işletmeye alma periyotlarındaki davranışlardan da önemli oranda farklı olabildiğini işaret etmektedir. Özetle, tesisin farklı işletim koşullarında farklı yönetim stratejileri uygulamak yöneticiler için bir zorunluluk olarak görünmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atık Yakma, Dioksinler, Duruş Periyodu, "Memory Effect"

Kaynakça

1. Wu, J.L., Lin, T.C., Wang, L.C., Chang-Chien, G.P. 2014. Memory Effects Dibenzo-p-dioxin
2. Emissions in A Laboratory Waste Incinerator, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Cilt. 14, s.1168- 78.
3. Furan [2] Chao, H.R., Wang, S.L., Lin, L.Y., Lee, W.J., Päpke, O. 2007. Placental Polychlorinated dioxins,
4. Biphenyls in Taiwanese Mothers in Relation to Menstrual Cycle Characteristics,
5. Chemical Toxicology, Cilt. 45(2), s.259-265.
6. of Dibenzo-p- Dibenzofurans, and Food
7. and [3] Cunliffe, A.M., Williams, P.T. 2009. De-novo Formation of Dioxins and Furans and the Memory Effect in Waste Incineration Flue Gases, Waste Management, Cilt. 29, s.739-748. [4] Olie, K., Vermeulen, O.
8. and Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins

9. Chlorodibenzofurans Are Trace Components of Fly Ash and Flue Gas
10. Incinerators in the Netherlands, Chemosphere, Cilt. 6, s.455–459. [5] Wang, H.C., Hwang, J.F., Chi, K.H., Chang, M.B. 2007. Formation and Removal of PCDD/Fs in a Municipal During
11. Periods, Chemosphere, Cilt. 67, s.177-184.
12. Operating [6] Tejima, H., Nishigaki, M., Fujita, Y., Matsumoto, A., Takeda, N., Takaoka, M. 2007. Characteristics of Dioxin Emissions at Startup and
13. Incinerators, Chemosphere, Cilt. 66, s.1123-1130.
14. MSW [7] Neuer-Etscheidt, K., Orasche, J., H., Nordsieck,
15. Zimmermann, R., Kettrup, A. 2007. Changes in PCDD/PCDF Formation
16. Instationary Phases of Combustor Operation-Exemplified by the Use of Cl4DD Isomer Patterns, Chemosphere, Cilt. 67, s.205-216. [8] Everaert, K., Baeyens, J. 2002. The Formation and Emission of Dioxins in Large Scale Thermal Processes, Chemosphere, Cilt. 46, s. 439-448. [9] Stanmore, B. of Dioxins in Formation
17. Combustion Systems, Combustion and Flame, Cilt. 136, s.398-427.
18. Sam-Cwan, K., Hwan, J.S., Il-Rok, J., Ki-Hun, K., Myung-Hee, K., Jae- Hyung, K., Jun-Heung, Y., Seung- Jin, K., Jae-Cheon, Y., Dong-Hee, J. 2001. Removal Efficiencies of PCDDs/PCDFs by Air Pollution Control Devices in Municipal Solid
19. Chemosphere, Cilt. 43, s.773-776. [11] Chang, M.B., Chi, K.H., Chang- Chien, G.P. 2004. Evaluation of PCDD/F Congener Distributions in MWI Flue Gas Treated with SCR Catalysts, Chemosphere, Cilt. 55, s.1457-1467.
20. Giugliano, M., Cernuschi, S., Grosso, M., Miglio, R., Aloigi, E. 2002. PCDD/F Mass Balance in the Flue Gas Cleaning Units of a MSW Incineration
21. Plant, Chemosphere, Cilt. 46, s.1321- 1328.
22. Weber, R., Sakurai, T., Ueno, S., Nishino, J. 2002. Correlation of PCDD/PCDF and CO Values in a MSW Incinerator--Indication of Memory Effects in the High Temperature/Cooling
23. Chemosphere, Cilt. 49, s.127-134. Section, [14] Gullett, B.K., Touati, A., Lee, C.W. 2000. Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans in a Hazardous-Waste-Firing
24. Industrial Boiler, Environmental science & technology, Cilt. 34, s.2069-2074.
25. Löthgren, C.J., Van Bavel, B. 2005. Dioxin
26. Installation of a Polishing Wet Scrubber in a Hazardous Waste Incineration
27. Chemosphere, Cilt. 61, s.405–412. Facility, [16] Chang, M.B., Lin, J.J., Chang, S.H. 2002. Characterization of PCDD/F Emissions from Two Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators in Taiwan,
28. Environment, Cilt. 36, s. 279–286. [17] Li, H.W., Wang, L.C., Chen, C.C., Yang, X.Y., Chang-Chien, G.P., Wu, E.M.Y. 2011. Influence of Memory Effect Caused by Aged Bag Filters on the Stack PCDD/F Emissions, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Cilt. 185, s.1148-1155.
29. Chi, K.H., Chang, S.H., Huang, C.H., Huang, H.C., Chang, M.B. 2006. Partitioning and Removal of Dioxin-like Congeners in Flue Gases Treated with Activated Carbon
30. Chemosphere, Cilt. 64, s.1489- 1498.
31. Karademir, A., Korucu, M.K. 2013. Assessment of Emissions and Removal of PCDD/Fs at Start-Up Periods in a Hazardous Waste Incinerator, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, Cilt. 63, s.788-795.
32. Korucu, M.K., Karademir, A. 2015. An Evaluation of PCDD/Fs Mass Flux from a Hazardous Waste Incinerator: The Need for a Reasonable Start-up Procedure, Combustion
33. Technology, Cilt. 187, s.458-468.
34. and [21] Bakoglu, M., Karademir, A., Ayberk, S. 2003. Partitioning Characteristics of Targeted Heavy Metals in IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Incinerator, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Cilt. 99, s.89-105.
35. Karademir, A., Bakoglu, M., Ayberk, S. 2003. PCDD/F Removal Efficiencies
36. Precipitator and Wet Scrubbers in IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Incinerator,
37. Environmental Bulletin, Cilt. 12, s.1228-1232.
38. Fresenius [23] Chi, K.H., Chang, M.B., Chang- Chien, G.P., Lin, C. 2005. Characteristics Congener Gas/Particulate
39. Emissions from Two Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators in Taiwan, Science of the Total Environment, Cilt. 347, s.148– 162.
40. PCDD/F in and Phases