Feasibility of Hydrocarbon Gas Injection in Valdemar Field of Danish Central Graben in the North Sea
Öz
Valdemar Field was discovered as
early as 1977 in the central part of the Danish Central Graben in the North
Sea. Significant hydrocarbon volume is reported in the Lower Cretaceous
formation which has been developed via pure pressure depletion for the last few
decades. Due to the tight nature of the Lower Cretaceous and declining
reservoir pressure, the average economic ultimate recovery (EUR) from Valdemar
field is significantly lower than what is achievable in the neighboring fields
such as Dan, Halfdan or Gorm where water flooding is utilized for pressure
support. On top of this, lack of sufficient petrophysical data stand as an
important barrier to better understand the certain shortcomings as well as to
make reliable predictions for the future performance of the field.
In the course of this study, we
investigate different development options for the Valdemar Field. We utilize
both analytical and numerical methods to study water and/or gas injection
opportunities to boost the production and hence EUR in Valdemar. We first
compare the efficiency of water and gas injection by employing analytical
techniques. Results suggest that better injectivities, availability and short
response times may make hydrocarbon gas injection a promising candidate for a
further development option. That kind of a development scheme would, however,
require a significant capital expenditure such as building a new well head
platform and installation of a high pressure gas injection compressor.
We present a detailed phase
behavior study on a recently obtained Lower Cretaceous oil sample. Both static
and dynamic PVT tests, such as the swelling test and multi-contact experiments,
were conducted and a reliable compositional model was built. We then construct
a 3-D box model to study gas injection via long horizontal wells in a line
drive mode. Model honors petropyhsical information obtained from the available
well log data. It is further tuned to history match the production and pressure
data, which is also in line with the previously developed full-field model.
Results suggest that additional oil
can be recovered via hydrocarbon gas injection in Valdemar field. We conduct a
set of sensitivity studies to optimize the gas injection process. We show that
the key parameter is, by far, the gas injection rate. Higher injection rates
result in higher pressure drops and hence development of a large miscible zone,
which significantly increase the oil production. This would, in return, require
larger compression power and more gas recycling capacity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Frykman, P. 2002. Modelling of fracture permeability in the Valdemar Field. EFP 97 Priority report. I.7.d, GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- [2] Jakobsen, F., Ineson, J. R., Kristensen, L., Nytoft, H. P., and Stemmerik, L. 2005. The Valdemar Field, Danish Central Graben: field compartmentalization and regional prospectivity of the Lower Cretaceous chalk play. In: Dore, A. G. & Vining, B. A. (eds) Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives - Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, 177–186.
- [3] Buckley, S.E. and Leverett, M.C. 1942. Mechanism of fluid displacements in sands. Transactions of the AIME (146), 107–116.
- [4] Kokal, S. and Al-Kaabi, A. 2010. Enhanced oil recovery: challenges & opportunities. World Petroleum Council Official Publication, 64 – 69.
- [5] Johns, R.T., and Dindoruk, B. 2013. Gas Flooding. pp 1-22. Sheng J.J., ed. 2013. Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies, Elsevier, USA, 667p.
- [6] Suicmez, V.S., Piri, M., and Blunt, M.J. 2007. Pore-scale Simulation of Water Alternate Gas Injection. Transport in Porous Media, Volume 66, p. 259 – 286, DOI 10.1007/s11242-006-0017-9
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Mühendislik
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Vural Sander Suiçmez
*
Bu kişi benim
0000-0003-1109-4834
Yayımlanma Tarihi
15 Ocak 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi
29 Mart 2018
Kabul Tarihi
5 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 61