CHELATING EXTRACTION AND SPECIATION OF CADMIUM FROM SOIL USING EDTA SALTS

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 56, 364 - 377, 01.05.2017

Aydeniz Demir Delil Ferhat Sadi Yimsek Nurcan Köleli

Öz

Soil washing is one of relatively simple and useful technologies for ex situ remediation of heavy metalscontaminated soils. In present study, initial total cadmium concentrations were maintained at 10 and 50 mg/kg in two different soil types. The use of different salts of EDTA on removal Cd of contaminated soils was evaluated with washing treatment methods. Batch washing experiments were conducted with Na2EDTA, FeEDTA, and ZnEDTA at different concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M) and solid (m) to liquid (v) ratios (1:5, 1:10, and 1:20). Results showed that the removal efficiency of Cd from soil increased with increasing EDTA concentrations, and the efficiency of chelating agents in the order Na2EDTA ≥ ZnEDTA > FeEDTA. In addition, speciation of Cd-EDTA complexes in the soil was evaluated with FITEQL program

Anahtar Kelimeler

heavy metal removal, cadmium, soil washing, EDTA, speciation

KADMİYUM’UN KİRLENMİŞ TOPRAKLARDAN EDTA TUZLARIYLA EKSTRAKSİYONU VE SPESİASYONU (TÜRLENDİRMESİ)

Öz

Toprak yıkama, diğer teknolojilerle kıyaslandığında ağır metallerle kirlenmiş toprakların arıtımı için basit ve kullanışlı bir teknolojidir. Bu araştırmada, 10 ve 50 mg/kg kadmiyum (Cd) ile yapay olarak kirletilmiş farklı tekstüre sahip iki topraktan, maksimum metal giderim verimini sağlayacak optimum yıkama koşulları, etilendiamin tetra asetik asit (EDTA)’nın farklı tuzları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kesikli desorpsiyon testleri; NaEDTA, FeEDTA ve ZnEDTA’nın farklı derişimlerinde (0.01, 0.05 ve 0.10 M) ve farklı toprak:çözelti oranlarında (1:5, 1:10 ve 1:20) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda topraktan Cd gideriminin artan EDTA derişimleri ile arttığı, kullanılan şelatlayıcı ajanların Cd giderim verimliliğinin sırasıyla Na2EDTA ≥ ZnEDTA > FeEDTA olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca topraktaki Cd’nin EDTA ile yaptığı komplekslerin spesiasyonu (türlendirme) FITEQL programıyla değerlendirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

ağır metal giderimi, kadmiyum, toprak yıkama, EDTA, türlendirme

Kaynakça

• Knox, A.S., Gamerdinger, A.P., Adriano, D.C., Kolka, R.K., Kaplan, D.I. Sources and Practices Contributing to Soil Contamination, s. 87. Adriano, D.C., Bollag, J.M., Frankenberg, W. T., Sims, R. C., ed. 1999. Bioremediation of the contaminated soils, Agronomy Series
• No. 37, Madison, Wisconson, USA, Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y.M., Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G. 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in
• Beijing, China, Environmental Pollution, Cilt. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056. s.686–692.
• Zhang, M.K., Liu, Z.Y., Wang, H, 2010.
• Use of single extraction methods to predict bioavailability of heavy metals in rice, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Cilt. 41, s.820–831. DOI: 10.1080/00103621003592341 to
• Alloway, B.J. 1995. Cadmium. s.122
• Alloway, B.J. ed. 1995. Heavy metals Academics&Professional, New York, s. Blackie D’amore, J.J., Al-abed, S.R., Scheckel, K.G., Ryan, J.A. 2005. Methods of speciation of metals in soils. Journal of
• Environmental Quality, Cilt. 34, s.1707- DOI:10.2134/jeq2004.0014
• Doumett, S., Lamperi, L., Checchini, L., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., Mancuso, S., Petruzzelli, G., Del Bubba, M. 2008.
• Heavy metal distribution between contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa, in a pilot-scale assisted phytoremediation study: Influence of different Chemosphere, Cilt. 72, s.1481-1490. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.08 agents.
• Voglar, D., Lestan, D. 2013. Pilot- scale washing of Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated soil using EDTA and process water recycling. Chemosphere, Cilt. 1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.016. DOI:
• Köleli, N., Kantar, Ç. 2005. Fosfat
• Kayası, Fosforik Asit ve Fosforlu Gübrelerdeki Toksik Ağır Metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, As) Konsantrasyonu. Ekoloji, Cilt.14, s.1-5. Kloke, A., Sauerbeck, D.R,, Vetter, H. 1984. The contamination of plants and soils with heavy metals and the transport of metals in terrestrial food chains, s.113-141. Nriagu, J.O., ed.
• Changing metal cycles in human health, Springer Verlag, Berlin. Jackson, A.P., Alloway, B.J. 1995.
• Transfer of cadmium from soil to the human food chain, s.122-151. Adriano, D.C., ed. 1995. Biogeochemistry of trace metals, Lewis Publisher, Baton Rouge.
• Ortega, L.M., Lebrun, R,, Blaisc, J., Hauslerd, R., Droguie, P. 2008.
• Effectiveness of soil washing, nanofiltration and electrochemical treatment for the recovery of metal ions coming from a contaminated soil. Water Research, Cilt. 42, s. 1943-1952. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.025. Peters, R.W. 1999. Chelant extraction of heavy metals from contaminated
• Hazardous Materials, Cilt. 66, s.151-210. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00010-2. Kim, C., Lee, Y., Ong, S.K. 2003.
• Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead contaminated soils, Chemosphere, Cilt. 51, s.845–853. DOI: 1016/S0045-6535(03)00155-3.
• Zou, Z., Qiu, R., Zhang, W., Dong, H., Zhao, Z., Zhang, T., Wei, X., Cai, X. 2009.
• The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA, Environmental Pollution, Cilt. 157, s. 229-236. DOI: 1016/j.envpol.2008.07.009
• Wuana, R.A,, Okieimen, F.E., Imborvungu, J.A. 2010. Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using
• International Journal of Environmental Science Technology, Cilt. 7, s.485-496. DOI:10.1007/BF03326158 acids.
• Naghipour, D., Gharibi, H., Taghvi, K., Jaafari, J. 2016. Influence of EDTA and NTA on heavy metal extraction from sandy-loam contaminated soils.
• Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Cilt. 4, s.3512-3518. DOI: 1016/j.jece.2016.07.034.
• Qiao, J., Sun, H., Luo, X., Zhang, W., Mathews, S., Yin, X. 2017. EDTA-assisted leaching contaminated soil. Chemosphere, s.422- DOI:
• İkizoğlu, G. 2008. Fosfat ve Sitrat Ligandlarının Kadmiyumun tarım Topraklarında Adsorpsiyonuna ve Taşınımına Etkilerinin Araştırılması, Mersin Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 75s. Mersin Herbelin, A.L., Westall, J.C. 1996.
• FITEQL, A Computer Program for Determination of Chemical Equlibrium Constants from Experimental Data Report, Corvallis. University, Parkhurst, D.L., Appelo, C.A.J. 1999.
• User's guide to PHREEQC (version 2)-A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. United States Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, Denver, Colorado,U.S.A, 326s. Eyüpoğlu, F., Kurucu, N., Talaz, S.
• Türkiye Topraklarının Bitkiye Yarayışlı Mikro Elementler Bakımından Genel Durumu. Toprak Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü, 620/A-002 Projesi Toplu Sonuç Raporu No:98, Ankara. Kacar, B. 1995. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal
• Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, No:3. Ankara. Araştırma ve Bouyoucous, G.J. 1952. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, Cilt. 54, s.466- 465.
• Carter, D.L., Heilman, M.D., Gonzalez, C.L. 1965. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether for determining surface area of silicate minerals. Soil Science, Cilt.100, s.356–360.
• Anonymous, 1984. Test Methods for Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846. ndEd. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington. Wei, M., Chen, J., Wang, X. 2016.
• Removal of arsenic and cadmium with sequential soil washing techniques using Na2EDTA, oxalic and phosphoric acid: Optimization conditions, removal effectiveness and ecological risks. Chemosphere, Cilt.156, s.252-26. DOI: 1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.106.
• Lim, T.T., Tay, J.H., Wang, J.Y. 2004.
• Chelating-agent-enhanced heavy metal extraction from a contaminated acidic soil. Engineering. Cilt.130, s.59–66. Environmental Pociecha, M., Lestan, D. 2012. Novel
• EDTA and process water recycling method after soil washing of multi- metal contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Cilt. 201, s.2732 1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.092 DOI:
• Dermont, G., Bergeron, M., Mercier, G., Richer-Laflèche, M. washing for metal removal: a review of physical/chemical technologies and field applications. Journal Hazardous Materials, 1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.043. s.1-31. DOI:
• Chuan, M.C., Shu, G.Y., Liu, J.C.C. Solubility of heavy metals in a contaminated soil: effects of redox potential and pH. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Cilt.90, s.543-556. DOI: 1007/BF00282668.
• Papassiopi, N., Tambouris, S., Kontopoulos, A. 1999. Removal of heavy metals from calcareous contaminated soils by EDTA leaching. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Cilt.109, s.1-15. DOI: 1023/A:1005089515217.
• Coughline, B.R., Stone, A.T. 1995.
• Nonreversible adsorption of divalent metal ions (Mn[II], Co[II], Ni[II],Cu[II], and Pb[II]) onto goethite: effects of acidification, Fe[II] addition, and picolinic acid addition. Environmental Science and Technology, Cilt. 29, s.2445- DOI: 10.1021/es00009a042.
• Gabas, P. 1998. Extraction of Lead From Contaminated Soil using EDTA, Nowack, B., Kari, F.G., Kruger, H.G., The remobilization of metals from iron oxides and sediments by metal- EDTA complexes. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Cilt. 125, s.243–257. DOI: 1023/A:1005296312509. Demir, A., Köleli, N. 2013. Kirlenmiş
• Giderimine Farklı EDTA Tuzlarının Etkisi. Ekoloji, Cilt 22, s.58-67. DOI: 5053/ekoloji.2013.867. Kurşun