Formation of Carbon-Based DBPs in Swimming Pool

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 55, 63 - 78, 01.01.2017

B. İlker Harman Ertaç Tanaçan Mesut Genişoğlu , Ş. Şule Kaplan Bekaroğlu Nuray Ateş Nevzat Ö. Yiğit Tuğba Sardohan Köseoğlu Amer A.S. Kanan

Öz

This paper aims to review available information in the
literature on the factors responsible on formation, species
disinfection by-products (DBPs) and their health effects in
swimming pool water. DBPs in swimming pools is significant for
international literature and this review is the first study with the
main focus of DBPs in swimming pool in national academic arena.
Various disinfectants are applied in order to eliminate the
pathogen microorganisms in drinking water distribution network
and swimming pools. While chlorine based disinfectants are used
commonly, also bromine based chemicals are preferential
disinfectants. The sources of the organic matter precursors are; i)
natural organic matter content of filling water and ii) organic
loadings from swimmers. While disinfectants inactivate pathogens
in swimming pools, mutagenic or carcinogenic DBPs are formed as
a result of reactions between disinfectants and natural organic
matter (NOM), bromide/iodide and human inputs. The formation
of DBPs in swimming pool are higher than drinking water due to
higher disinfectants residual and DBPs precursors.
Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloaceticacids (HAAs) are
commonly observed as DBPs in swimming pools. THMs can be
observed high concentration not only in swimming pool waters
but also in indoor air ambition due to their volatile nature.
Understanding of DBPs formation and control in swimming pools
is important to minimize adverse health effects. It is much easier
and cheaper to reduce DBPs before formation the pool with
removal of precursors and use of proper disinfectants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BFAs, DBPs, Disinfectant, Organic Matter, Swimming Pool

Yüzme Havuzlarında Karbon Bazlı Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Oluşumu

Öz

Bu çalışmada ülkemiz literatüründe ilk defa yer alacak ve
oldukça önemli bir konu olan yüzme havuzlarındaki
dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin (DYÜ) türleri, DYÜ oluşumuna etki
eden faktörler ve DYÜ’lerin sağlık etkileri konusunda bir derleme
yapılmıştır. İçme suyu şebekesi ve yüzme havuzlarındaki patojen
mikroorganizmaların engellenebilmesi amacıyla birçok
dezenfektan kullanılmaktadır. Yüzme havuzlarında genellikle klor
bazlı dezenfektanlar kullanılırken, bromlu dezenfektanlar da
dezenfeksiyon için tercih edilmektedir. Havuz suyundaki organik
madde kaynakları; i) doldurma suyunda bulunan doğal organik
maddeler (DOM) ve ii) yüzücülerden gelen organik yüklemelerdir.
Yüzme havuzları özelinde yüzücülerden kaynaklı daimi organik
yükleme ve sürekli dezenfeksiyon sonucu (organik maddelerin
oksidantlar/dezenfektanlar ile reaksiyonu sonucunda) mutajenik
ve kanserojenik olmalarından şüphelenilen DYÜ oluşumu içme
sularındakine nazaran daha fazladır. Trihalometan (THM) ve
haloasetik asitler (HAA), havuz suyunda en sık karşılaşılan yan
ürünlerdir. THM gibi uçucu olan yan ürünler sadece yüzme
suyunda değil, havada da oldukça yüksek konsantrasyonlarda
bulunabilmektedir. Bu yan ürünlerin oluşum mekanizmalarının
bilinmesi ve kontrol altına alınması, yüzücüler ve bilhassa havuz
çalışanlarının sağlığına olan etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi
bağlamında önem arz etmektedir. Oluştuktan sonra giderilmesi
zor ve maliyetli olan DYÜ’lerin oluşumunda etkili öncüllerin belirlenmesi ve kontrolü ile uygun dezenfektan türünün
kullanılmasıyla yüzme havuzlarındaki DYÜ oluşumları
azaltılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dezenfektan, Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünleri, İnsan Vücut Artıkları, Organik Madde, Yüzme Havuzu

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