MICROPLASTICS: AN OVERVIEW

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 50, 68 - 83, 01.05.2015

Meral Yurtsever

Öz

Microplastics are small fragments of plastic that measure less than 5 mm. Nowadays microplastics have not yet been addressed as a "pollutant". Particularly colorless, transparent or micro-size plastics are form of invisible garbage in the water resources. Due to hold a variety of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in their body this invisible garbage can be transformed into a serious pitfalls. Characterization and classification of apparent size waste is easy in the environmental pollution subjects. However characterization, description and classification of microplastics are relatively more difficult.They can be characterize by microscope and FT-IR. A plastic can be turn to millions fragments of microplastic particles by anthropogenic activities and environmental events (such as UV light, the water wave action). Due to their surface hydrophobicity, buoyant,UV photo-oxidative degradation, thermooxidative, absorb (POPs), the potential to transport contaminants and persistent properties, microplastics have the potential to become widely dispersed in the marine environment via hydrodynamic processes and ocean currents. Many wastewater treatment plants are unable to remove all microplastics. They are polluting waterways and water resources. Further studies are requires for preventation of microplastic pollution and protect the water resources

Anahtar Kelimeler

Microplastics, Pollutant, Ecological, Water resources, Hazardous

MİKROPLASTİKLER’E GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Öz

Mikroplastikler, boyu 5mm’den küçük olan plastik parçacıklarıdır. Günümüzde plastiklerin parçalanması neticesi oluşan mikroplastiklerin adının “kirletici” olarak bilinmesi pek de yaygın değildir. Özellikle renksiz, şeffaf veya mikro boyuta kadar parçalanmış olan plastikler su kaynaklarında görünmez çöpleri oluşturarak ciddi bir görünmez tehlike haline dönüşebilmektedir. Çevrede görünür büyüklükteki atıkları karakterize etmek ve sınıflandırmak kolay olsa da mikroplastikler için bu nispeten zordur. Mikroskop yardımıyla ve Fourier Dönüşümlü Infrared Spektrofotometre (FD-IS) ile ancak karakterize edilebilirler. Bir plastik, antropojenik faaliyetler ve çevresel olaylarla parçalanarak milyonlarca mikroplastik parçacıklarına dönüşebilmektedir. Plastiklerin, hidrofobik yüzey, yüzücülük, kirleticileri taşıma potansiyelleri, kalıcı organik kirletici (KOK)’leri absorplayabilmeleri, UV foto-oksidatif parçalanma vb. gibi özelliklerinden dolayı mikroplastikler su kaynaklarında büyük tehlike haline gelmiştir. Mikroplastikler, klasik atıksu arıtma tesislerinde tutulamayıp alıcı ortamlara kontrolsüzce tekrar deşarj edilmektedir. Bu yüzden mikroplastikler besin zincirinde önemli basamaklardaki, zooplankton, makro omurgasızlar, balıklar vs. gibi canlıların doku veya organlarında birikebilmektedir. Bu kirliliğin önüne geçmek ve su kaynaklarını korumak için çeşitli çalışma ve kontrollerin yapılması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikroplastikler, Kirletici, Ekolojik, Su kaynakları, Zararlı

Kaynakça

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