Çakallar Monojenik Sinder Konisi’nin Jeolojisi ve Yığışım Lapilli Oluşumları, (Kula Na-Alkali Volkanizması-Batı Anadolu)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 61, 155 - 171, 15.01.2019

Cüneyt Akal Yeşim Yücel Öztürk

Öz

Yığışım lapillileri esas
olarak cam veya camın alterasyon ürünleri olmak üzere tamamen kırıntılı
volkanik malzemeden oluşan yaklaşık bezelye büyüklüğünde yapılardır. Yığışım
lapillileri, stratigrafik çalışmalar, bunları üreten volkanizmanın doğası ve
içerdikleri kayaçları etkileyen çökelim sonrası değişimler hakkında bilgiler
sağlamaktadır. Bu şekilde, volkanik faaliyetlere bağlı olarak gelişen ve bu
faaliyetlerin meydana geldiği ortam ve kökeni açısından önemli ipuçları
sağlayan yığışım lapillileri (accretionary lapilli) Kuvaterner yaşlı Na-alkali
Kula volkanizmasının (Batı Anadolu) en genç (11.21 ka) ürünü Çakallar Sinder Konisi
çevresinde yaygın şekilde gözlenmektedir. Çakallar volkanizması şiddeti az
patlamalı-piroklastik püskürme ürünü ince kül yağması ile başlamıştır. Çok
katmanlı kül tabakası arasında, eş boyutlu tanelere sahip, kül ara maddeli
küresel yığışım lapilli zengin tabaka bulunmaktadır. İkinci evre patlamayla
yığışım lapillilerin üzeri ince kül yağması ile tekrar örtülmüştür. Mezolitik
dönem insanları Gediz nehri vadisine doğru inerken Çakallar konisinin
etrafındaki yumuşak çamur kıvamındaki son kül tabakası üzerinde mükemmel
şekilli ayak izlerini bırakmışlardır. 
Volkanik aktivitenin en son ve şiddetli evresinde, Çakallar konisi son
şeklini almıştır. Bu son evreye de tanıklık eden Mezolitik dönem insanları,
sığınak olarak kullandıkları gnayslar üzerine şiddetli volkanik faaliyeti
resimlemiş ve el izlerini bırakmışlardır.

Çakallar Sinder Konisi’ne
ait Zon-tipi yığışım lapillileri volkanik aktive sırasında gelişen
elektrostatik çekim ve buhar fazının etkin olduğu koşulları yansıtmaktadır.
Yığışım lapillileri Çakallar konisin püskürtüğü kül-yüklü bulutta, buhar
fazının yoğunlaşması ile gelişen yağış sırasında yağmur damlalarının içine
aldığı kül yığışımlarının birikmesiyle gelişmiştir ve dolu taneleri şeklinde
ilk ince kül tabakası üzerine düşmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yığışım lapilli, Çakallar Sinder Konisi, Kula volkanizması, Batı Anadolu

Kaynakça

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