An Investigation of the Usage of Glass Wastes in Cement Mortars Using Full Factorial Design

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 74, 405 - 416, 15.05.2023

Dilan Çankal , Şevket Onur Kalkan , Ali Uğur Öztürk , Lütfullah Gündüz

https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2023257412

Cited By: 1

Öz

Waste management in the world has come to the fore in recent years. Like many materials used as alternative raw materials, glass waste has become an increasingly important situation. It is very important in terms of sustainability that these wastes are used as alternative raw materials in the production of new materials for various industries. Recycling of glass, which is produced and consumed in a wide range, contributes to many different sectors. For this purpose, the use of materials obtained in two different forms, namely powder and fiber produced from waste glass, in cement mortars was investigated. There are three factors, including glass powder (GP) amount with four levels of 0, 45, 90 and 135 g, glass fiber (GF) amount with two levels of 0 and 13.37 g, and curing period (CP) with three levels of 7, 28 and 56 days. Compressive, flexural strengths and abrasion resistance of cement mortar samples were determined. In addition, acceptable regression models were derived by using multiple regression analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of all three factors on the mechanical properties and, GP and CP factors on abrasion resistance of cement mortars are significant. Improvements in mechanical strength and abrasion resistance were observed in the use of glass fiber and glass powder added cement mortars produced at appropriate rates. The study shows that the use of glass fiber and glass powder separately or together in the production of cement-based materials such as concrete, which is exposed to abrasion, is beneficial. As a result, the properties expected from the produced concrete will be met. The use of glass waste will contribute to the realization of an economical and environmentally friendly concrete production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cement Mortar, Glass Wastes, Glass Powder, Glass Fiber, Abrasion Resistance, Mechanical Strength

Tam Faktöriyel Tasarım Kullanılarak Çimento Harçlarında Cam Atıklarının Kullanımının İncelenmesi

Öz

Dünyada atık yönetimi son yıllarda ön plana çıkmaktadır. Alternatif hammadde olarak kullanılan birçok malzeme gibi cam atıkları da giderek daha önemli bir durum haline gelmektedir. Bu atıkların çeşitli endüstriler için yeni malzeme üretiminde alternatif hammadde olarak kullanılması sürdürülebilirlik açısından oldukça önemlidir. Geniş bir yelpazede üretilen ve tüketilen camın geri dönüşümü birçok farklı sektöre katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu amaçla atık camdan üretilen toz ve elyaf olmak üzere iki farklı formda elde edilen malzemelerin çimento harçlarında kullanımı bu çalışmada araştırılmıştır. 0, 45, 90 ve 135 g olarak dört farklı cam tozu (GP) miktarı, 0 ve 13.37 g olmak üzere iki farklı cam elyaf (GF) miktarı ve 7, 28 ve 56 gün olmak üzere üç farklı kür süresi (CP) harçlara uygulanmıştır. Çimento harcı numunelerinin basınç, eğilme dayanımları ve aşınma dayanımları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılarak kabul edilebilir regresyon modelleri türetilmiştir. Varyans analizi (ANOVA), çimento harçlarının mekanik özellikler üzerindeki her üç faktörün ve GP ve CP faktörlerinin aşınma direnci üzerindeki etkilerinin önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Uygun oranlarda üretilen cam elyaf ve cam tozu katkılı çimento harçlarının kullanımında mekanik dayanım ve aşınma direncinde iyileşmeler gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma, beton gibi aşınmaya maruz kalan çimento esaslı malzemelerin üretiminde cam elyafı ve cam tozunun ayrı ayrı veya birlikte kullanılmasının faydalı olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak üretilen betondan beklenen özellikler karşılanacaktır. Cam atıklarının kullanılması, ekonomik ve çevre dostu bir beton üretiminin gerçekleştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çimento Harcı, Cam Atıkları, Cam Tozu, Cam Elyaf, Aşınma Dayanımı, Mekanik Mukavemet

Kaynakça

• [1] Belouadah, M., Rahmouni Z.E.A., Tebbal, N. 2019. Influence of the addition of glass powder and marble powder on the physical and mechanical behavior of composite cement, Procedia Computer Science, 158, 366–375.
• [2] Nasiru, S., Jiang, L., Yu, L., Chu, H., Huang, Y., Pei, C., et al. 2021. Properties of cement mortar containing recycled glass and rice husk ash, Construction and Building Materials, 299, 123900.
• [3] Yassen, M.M., Hama, S.M., Mahmoud, A.S. 2018. Reusing of Glass Wastes as Powder as Partial of Cement in Production of Concrete. 11th Int. Conf. Dev. ESystems Eng. IEEE, 330–334.
• [4] Aliabdo, A.A., Abd Elmoaty, M., Aboshama, A.Y. 2016. Utilization of waste glass powder in the production of cement and concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 124, 866–877.
• [5] Shekhawat, B.S., Aggarwal, D.V. 2014. Utilisation of waste glass powder in concrete–a literature review, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(7), 14822-14826.
• [6] Islam, G.M.S., Rahman, M., Kazi, N. 2017. Waste glass powder as partial replacement of cement for sustainable concrete practice, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 6(1), 37–44.
• [7] Du, H., Tan, K.H. 2014. Waste glass powder as cement replacement in concrete, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 12(11), 468–477.
• [8] Jiang, Y., Ling, T-C., Mo, K.H., Shi, C. 2019. A critical review of waste glass powder–multiple roles of utilization in cement-based materials and construction products, Journal of Environmental Management, 242, 440–449.
• [9] Liu, S., Xie, G., Wang, S. 2015. Effect of curing temperature on hydration properties of waste glass powder in cement-based materials, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 119(1), 47–55.
• [10] Anwar, A. 2016. The influence of waste glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol, 7(6), 131–148.
• [11] Matos, A.M., Sousa-Coutinho, J. 2012. Durability of mortar using waste glass powder as cement replacement, Construction and Building Materials, 36, 205–215.
• [12] Kim, S.K., Lee K.W, Song J.H, Jang I.Y. 2018. Durability performance evaluations on resistance to chloride attack for concrete using lcd waste glass powder, Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute, 6(4), 289–296.
• [13] Bajad, M.N., Modhera, C.D., Desai, A.K. 2011. Effect of glass on strength of concrete subjected to sulphate attack, International Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Development (IJCERD), 1(2), 1-13.
• [14] Panchal, S., Sharma, S., Khan, M.M., Sharma, A., Roy, A.K. 2017. Effect of glass reinforcement and glass powder on the characteristics of concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 637–647.
• [15] Bessmertniy, V.S., Puchka, O., Bondarenko, M., Gorety, V. 2020. The Glass Powders’ Dispersion Effect on the Glass-Reinforced Concrete Performance Properties, Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 1011, 85–91.
• [16] TS EN 933-1 - Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates - Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution - Sieving Method. 2012.
• [17] TS EN 196-1: methods of testing cement: part 1: determination of strength. 2002.
• [18] ASTM C109/C109M-21, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 Mm] Cube Specimens). 2021.
• [19] ASTM C348-14-test method for flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars. 2014.
• [20] TS 2824 EN 1338 - Concrete Paving Blocks - Requirements and Test Methods. 2005.
• [21] Moosberg-Bustnes, H., Lagerblad, B., Forssberg, E. 2004. The function of fillers in concrete. Materials and Structures, 37(2), 74.
• [22] Subaşı, S., Öztürk, H., Emiroğlu, M. 2017. Utilizing of waste ceramic powders as filler material in self-consolidating concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 149, 567–574.
• [23] Topçu, İ.B., Demirel, O.E., Uygunoğlu, T. 2017. Polipropilen lif katkılı harçların fiziksel ve mekanik özelikleri, Politeknik Dergisi, 20(1), 91–96.