KUMAR OYNAMA DAVRANIŞINI SÜRDÜRMEDEKİ POZİTİF PEKİŞTİREÇLER VE YAŞANTISAL KAÇINMANIN ROLÜNE DAİR NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Kumar oynama davranışı, çalışmalarda madde ve alkol gibi bağımlılık yapıcı nesnelere göre daha az ele alınmakla birlikte bireyler üzerinde benzer etkiler gözlemlenebilmekte ve bu davranış patolojik bir sorun haline gelebilmektedir. Bu noktada psikolojik, biyolojik ve sosyal açıdan olumlu ya da olumsuz birçok faktör bireylerin kumar oynama davranışının bağımlılığa dönüşmesine aracı olurken bireyin kumar oynamayı sorunlarına karşı bir çözüm yolu olarak görmesine de sebep olabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, kumar oynama davranışı üzerinde etkili olan yaşantısal kaçınma ve pozitif pekiştirme süreçlerinin anlaşılması ve betimlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanıldığı çalışmada, en az bir kez kumar oynama davranışı sergilenmiş 13 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yönetimi ile incelenerek “Yaşantısal Kaçınmanın Bir Aracı Olarak Kumar Oynama Davranışı” ve “Kumar Oynamayı Sürdürmede Pozitif Pekiştireçler” olmak üzere iki tema altında açıklanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, kumarın ilk zamanlarında pozitif pekiştireçlerin bireyin davranışları üzerinde etkili olduğu, kumar oynama davranışının süreklilik kazanmasıyla birlikte pozitif pekiştireçlerin yerini negatif pekiştireçlere bıraktığı ve pekiştireçlerin bireylerin olumsuz duygu durumu içerisindeyken kaçınma davranışı sergileyerek kumar oynama davranışına yönelmesinde etkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kumar Oynama Davranışı
• Kumar Bağımlılığı
• Yaşantısal Kaçınma
• Pekiştreç Değerlendirmesi

A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF POSITIVE REINFORCERS AND EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE IN MAINTAINING GAMBLING BEHAVIOR

Öz

Although gambling behavior is less addressed in studies than addictive objects such as drugs and alcohol, similar effects can be observed on individuals and this behavior can become a pathological problem. At this point, many psychological, biological and social positive or negative factors can cause individuals' gambling behavior to turn into addiction, while also causing the individual to see gambling as a solution to their problems. This research aims to understand and describe the experiential avoidance and positive reinforcement processes that affect gambling behavior. In the study using qualitative research method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants who had exhibited gambling behavior at least once. The data obtained from the participants were examined with descriptive analysis management and explained under two themes: "Gambling Behavior as a Tool of Experiential Avoidance" and "Positive Reinforcers to Continue Gambling". As a result of the research, it has been revealed that positive reinforcers are effective on the individual's behavior in the early days of gambling, and as the gambling behavior becomes more permanent, positive reinforcers are replaced by negative reinforcers, and reinforcers are effective in causing individuals to engage in gambling behavior by exhibiting avoidance behavior when they are in a negative emotional state.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gambling Behavior
• Gambling Addiction
• Experiential Avoidance
• Reinforcer Evaluation

Kaynakça

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