AMERİKAN ÇALIŞMALARINA DAYALI AFET YÖNETİM MODELLERİ VE YAKLAŞIMLARININ KAPSAMLI BİR İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren ortaya konulan afet yönetim modellerinin ve yaklaşımlarının kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Makalede, Web of Science ve Scopus'ta indekslenen ve döngüsel veya entegre afet yönetim modeli öneren bilimsel çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Yapılan taramalarda “afet yönetim modeli” anahtar kelimesi ile 1920 yılından itibaren çeşitli modeller ve yaklaşımlar öneren çalışmalar seçilmiş ve bu çalışmalar kapsamlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kamu yönetimi, sosyoloji, coğrafya, psikoloji ve sivil savunma gibi çeşitli disiplinler, afet yönetim modellerinin gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. 1970'lerden önce Prince (1920), Carr (1932), Powell (1954), Chapman (1962) ve Stoddard (1968) gibi alanın öncüleri afetlerin toplum üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmiş ve afet yönetiminin gelişimine önemli katkılar sunmuşlardır. Döngüsel veya entegre afet yönetimi modelinin ilk olarak Baird ve arkadaşları tarafından 1975 yılında önerildiği görülmektedir. Sonrasında Mitroff ve arkadaşları 1987'de bu konuyu genişleterek reaktif ve proaktif yaklaşımları inceleyip kırılganlık kavramını sürece dâhil etmişlerdir. Takip eden çalışmalarda afet yönetim modelleri kalkınma, ekonomik ilerleme, risk, tehlike ve stratejik planlama gibi başlıkları içererek daha yoğun ve kapsayıcı hale gelmiştir. Ancak afet yönetim modelleri içerisinde, iklim değişikliği, sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri, dirençlilik ve Sendai risk azaltma çerçevesi gibi kritik konuların daha fazla yer alması ihtiyacı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Özellikle Kamu Yönetimi öncülüğünde bu konuların ele alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Afet Yönetimi
• Afet Yönetim Modelleri
• Afet Araştırmaları

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT MODELS AND APPROACHES BASED ON AMERICAN STUDIES

Öz

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the research that has significantly impacted the advancement of disaster management models and approaches since the early 20th century. This review article focuses on scholarly papers indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, which present disaster management models. The selection criteria for these articles were based on their circular models or visual representations of disaster and crisis management from a diverse range of perspectives since 1920. Various disciplines, including public administration, sociology, geography, psychology, and civil defence, have shaped disaster management. Before the 1970s, pioneers in the field, including Prince (1920), Carr (1932), Powell (1954), Chapman (1962), and Stoddard (1968), analysed the impact of disasters on society, and their studies were a significant contribution to the development of disaster management. The circular disaster management model was first introduced by Baird et al. in 1975, focusing on relief-based initiatives. In 1987, Mitroff and fellow researchers delved deeper into the subject, exploring reactive and proactive approaches while integrating the notion of vulnerability. Later models incorporated entitlements such as development, economic progress, risk, hazard, and strategic planning. As time passed, these models grew more extensive and all-encompassing. Nevertheless, disaster management still requires further advancement to tackle crucial challenges like climate change, sustainable development goals, resilience, and the Sendai risk reduction framework. It is recommended that these issues be addressed under the leadership of public administration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• Disaster Management
• Disaster Management Models
• Disaster Research

Kaynakça

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