ADİL GEÇİŞ SÜRECİNDE İSTİHDAM VE SOSYAL POLİTİKA: İKLİM KRİZİNİN YANSIMALARI

Öz

İklim değişikliği, çevresel bir sorun olmanın ötesine geçerek ekonomik yapılar, toplumsal ilişkiler ve işgücü piyasaları üzerinde doğrudan etkili çok boyutlu bir krize dönüşmüştür. Bu dönüşüm, günümüzde küresel politika gündeminin öncelikli konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu krizin istihdam üzerindeki etkilerini sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri doğrultusunda şekillenen “adil geçiş” (just transition) yaklaşımı çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Özellikle yeşil ekonomi kapsamında gelişen “yeşil işler” kavramı, yeni istihdam olanakları sunarken eş zamanlı olarak sosyal eşitsizlikleri ve kırılganlıkları da derinleştirmektedir. Çalışmada, iklim krizinin artırdığı sosyoekonomik kırılganlıklar değerlendirilmiş; kadınlar, göçmenler, tarım işçileri ve genç işsizler gibi dezavantajlı grupların maruz kaldığı çok katmanlı riskler incelenmiştir.Ampirik analiz kapsamında, Eurostat veri tabanından elde edilen ikincil veriler kullanılarak 2011–2023 dönemi için, farklı refah rejimi tipolojisine sahip ülke örnekleri için panel eş bütünleşme analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular, yeşil istihdam üzerinde sosyal koruma harcamalarının ve genel istihdam seviyesinin pozitif yönde, işsizliğin ise negatif yönde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, yeni istihdam biçimleri gibi yapısal dönüşümler karşısında, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile istihdam politikaları arasında denge kurmayı amaçlayan bütüncül sosyal politika reformlarının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği
• İstihdam
• Yeşil İşler
• Adil Geçiş
• Sosyal Kırılganlık
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma

EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL POLICY LINKAGES IN THE JUST TRANSITION PROCESS: SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CLIMATE CRISIS

Öz

Climate change has transcended being a mere environmental issue to become a multidimensional crisis with direct implications for economic structures, social relations, and labor markets. This transformation has emerged as a primary concern on the global policy agenda. This study examines the impacts of said crisis on employment within the framework of the "just transition" approach, shaped by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the concept of "green jobs," which has evolved within the scope of the green economy, offers new employment opportunities while simultaneously exacerbating social inequalities and vulnerabilities. The study evaluates the socioeconomic vulnerabilities intensified by the climate crisis and investigates the multi-layered risks faced by disadvantaged groups, including women, migrants, agricultural workers, and the young unemployed.Within the scope of the empirical analysis, a panel cointegration analysis was conducted for the 2011–2023 period, utilizing secondary data from the Eurostat database for country samples categorized by different welfare regime typologies. The findings indicate that social protection expenditures and general employment levels exert a positive impact on green employment, whereas unemployment has a negative effect. These results emphasize the necessity of holistic social policy reforms aimed at balancing sustainable development and employment policies in the face of structural transformations, such as the emergence of new forms of employment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate Change
• Employment
• Green Jobs
• Just Transition
• Social Vulnerability
• Sustainable Development

Kaynakça

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