KAMU SOSYAL HARCAMALARININ GELİR DAĞILIMI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: OECD ÜLKELERİNE YÖNELİK PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Öz

OECD ülkelerinin birçoğunda gelir eşitsizliği 1990’lı yıllardan bu yana artış göstermektedir. Hükümetlerin gelir dağılımına müdahalede birincil aracı maliye politikasıdır. Maliye politikasının bu yeniden dağıtım etkisi, politika araçlarının hacmi, kompozisyonu ve artan oranlılık özellikleri tarafından belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışma 17 OECD ülkesi için 1995-2012 döneminde kamu sosyal harcamalarının gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisini, hem toplam harcamalar hem de sosyal harcamaların alt bileşenleri itibariyle panel veri analizi yardımıyla incelemektedir. Elde edilen bulgular devletin ekonomideki payının artışının gelir dağılımı üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuçlar ayrıca toplam kamu sosyal harcamaları, aktif emek piyasası programları, dul ve yetim aylıkları ile işsizlik sigortası harcamalarının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYH) içerisinde daha yüksek paya sahip olmasının gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizliğin azalmasına katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gelir Dağılımı, Yeniden Dağılım Politikaları, Sosyal Harcamalar.

THE EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL SPENDING ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS OF OECD COUNTRIES

Öz

Income inequality has increased since the 1990s in most OECD-countries. The primary instrument to affect income distribution for governments is fiscal policy. Redistribution effects of the fiscal policy are determined by the size, composition and the progressivity of each policy tool. This paper examines the impact of the government social expenditure on income distribution within the scope of both total and sub-categories of expenditures for 17 OECD countries during 1995 to 2012 by using panel data analysis. The findings suggest that increase in size of government has a positive impact on income distribution. The results also show that higher shares of GDP on total social expenditure, active labor market programs, survivor and unemployment expenditures promote a less unequal distribution of income.

Keywords: Income Distribution, Redistributive Policies, Social Expenditures.

Kaynakça

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