IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT TACTICS OF HOTELS TOWARDS POTENTIAL EMPLOYEES: ANALYSIS OF WEB SITES

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3 , 441 - 469 , 02.03.2018

Emine Şimşek Evren , Meryem Akoğlan Kozak

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.280525

Cited By: 4

https://izlik.org/JA27RM95NB

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to determine the
impression management tactics that were used by hotels in Turkey on their web
sites to effect potential employees. In this context, first of all, preliminary
review of 1751 web sites of tourism operation licensed hotels was conducted and
453 hotel web sites that included human resources and carrier pages were chosen
for main examination. Web site examinations showed that, in the context of
categories, hotels reach the potential employees proactively with internal information
and through employer branding. In addition, impression management implications
have been mostly carried out with illustrative techniques; in other words, with
general statements and images, without using details. When it is considered in
terms of tactics; it is seen that hotels use impressions such as “good
location”, “big”, “easily accessible”, “conformity to national-international
standards”, “socially responsible”, “model company”, “offering promotion
opportunities” and “good physical working environment” to impress potential
employees. Additionally, it is found that international chain hotels, five star
hotels and yearlong working hotels use impression management tactics for
potential employees more frequently than the other types of hotels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Corporate Impression Management , Hotel Companies , Employer Image , Potential Employees , Web Sites

OTEL İŞLETMELERİNİN POTANSİYEL ÇALIŞANLARA YÖNELİK İZLENİM YÖNETİMİ TAKTİKLERİ: WEB SİTELERİNİN ANALİZİ

https://izlik.org/JA27RM95NB

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki
otel işletmelerinin web siteleri üzerinden potansiyel çalışanları etkilemek
amacıyla ne tür izlenim yönetimi taktiklerine başvurduklarının belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle 1751 turizm işletme belgeli otelin web sitesinin
ön incelemesi yapılmış; insan kaynakları veya kariyer sayfası bulunan 453 otel
web sitesi asıl inceleme için seçilmiştir. Web sitesi incelemeleri; otel
işletmelerinin kategoriler çerçevesinde daha çok proaktif bir şekilde, içsel
bilgilerle ve işveren markalama yoluyla potansiyel çalışanlara ulaştıklarını
göstermiştir. Ayrıca, uygulamaların çoğunlukla aydınlatıcı tekniklerle;
detaylara yer vermeden, genel açıklamalar ve görsellerle gerçekleştirildiği de
görülmüştür. Taktikler itibariyle bakıldığında ise otellerin “lokasyonu iyi”,
“büyük”, “kolay erişilebilir”, “ulusal-uluslararası standartlara uyan”, “sosyal
sorumluluk sahibi”, “örnek işletme”, “terfi olanakları sunan” ve “fiziksel
çalışma ortamı iyi” gibi izlenimleri potansiyel çalışanları etkilemek amacıyla
kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, uluslararası zincir otellerin, beş
yıldızlı otellerin ve yıl boyu faaliyette bulunan otellerin diğer otel
tiplerine göre potansiyel çalışanlara yönelik taktikleri daha sık kullandıkları
da görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kurumsal İzlenim Yönetimi , Otel İşletmeleri , İşveren İmajı , Potansiyel Çalışanlar , Web Siteleri , Web Siteleri

Kaynakça

• Akçay, A. D. (2012). Araçsal ve sembolik özellikler kapsamında otel işletmelerinin örgütsel çekiciliği. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
• Albinger, H. S. ve Freeman, S. J. (2000). Corporate social performance and attractiveness as an employer to different job seeking populations. Journal of Business Ethics, 28: 243-253.
• Allen, M. W. ve Caillouet, R. H. (1994). Legitimation endovers: Impression management strategies used by organization in crisis. Communication Monographs, 6: 44-62.
• Avery, D. R. ve McKay, P. F. (2006). Target practice: An organizational impression management approach to attracting minority and female job applicants. Personnel Psychology, 59: 157-187.
• Backhaus, K. B., Stone, B. A., Heiner, K. (2002). Exploring the relationship between corporate social performance and employer attractiveness. Busıness & Society, 41 (3): 292-318.
• Bansal, P. ve Clelland, I. (2004). Talking trash: Legitimacy, impression management, and unsystematic risk in the context of the natural environment. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(1): 93-103.
• Bansal, P. ve Kistruck, G. (2006). Seeing is (not) believing: Managing the impressions of the firm’s commitment to the natural environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 67: 165-180.
• Barich, H. ve Kotler, P. (1991). A framework for marketing image management. Sloan Management Review, Winter: 94-104.
• Barnett, M. L., Jermier, J. M. ve Lafferty, B. A. (2006). Corporate reputation: The definitional landscape. Corporate Reputation Review, 9 (1): 26-38.
• Bilbow, G. T. (1997). Cross-cultural impression management in the multicultural workplace: The special case of Hong Kong. Journal of Pragmatics, 28: 461-487.
• Bolino, M. C. ve Turnley, W. H. (2003). Counternormative impression management, likeability, and performance ratings: The use of intimidation in an organizational setting. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24: 237-250.
• Bolino, M. C., Kacmar, K. M., Turnley, W. H. ve Gilstrap, J. B. (2008). A multi-level review of impression management motives and behaviors. Journal of Management, 34: 1080-1109.
• Boyd, N. K. (2003). Anticipatory impression management: Evidence of selective self-presentation taken from websites of firms in the U.S. brewing industry. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Concordia Üniversitesi, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Boyer, L., Brunner, B. R., Charles, T., ve Coleman, P. (2006). Managing impressions in a virtual environment: Is ethnic diversity a self-presentation strategy for colleges and universities? Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12: 136-154.
• Bozeman, D. P. ve Kacmar, K. M. (1997). A cybernetic model of impression management processes in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69: 9-30.
• Chun, R. (2005). Corporate reputation: Meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7 (2): 91-109.
• Çakır, O. (2015). Otel işletmelerinde çalışan motivasyonunun sağlanmasında ABCD modelinin kullanılması. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
• Dichter, E. (1985). What's in an image?, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 2: 75-81.
• Dillard, C., Browning, L. D., Sitkin, S. B., ve Sutcliffe, K. M. (2000). Impression management and the use of procedures at the Ritz‐Carlton: Moral standards and dramaturgical discipline. Communication Studies, 51 (4): 404-414.
• Dolgun, A. ve Alpar, R. (2011). Uyum analizi. R. Alpar (Ed.). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler içinde: 355-380. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Dögl, C. ve Holtbrügge, D. (2014). Corporate environmental responsibility, employer reputation and employee commitment: An empirical study in developed and emerging economies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (12): 1739-1762.
• Dubrin, A. J. (2010). Impession management in the work place: Research, theory and practice. Florence, KY, USA: Routledge.
• Ellis, A. P. J., West, B. J., Ryan, A. M. ve DeShon, R. P. (2002). The use of impression management tactics in structured interviews: A function of question type? Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (6): 1200-1208.
• Elsbach, K. D. ve Sutton, R. I. (1992). Acquiring organizational legitimacy through illegitimate actions: A marriage of institutional and impression management theories. Academy of Management Journal, 35: 699-738.
• Elsbach, K. D., Sutton, R. I. ve Principe, K. E. (1998). Averting expected challenges through anticipatory impression management: A study of hospital billing. Organization Science, 9: 68-86.
• Fombrun, C. J. ve Rindova, V. (1998). Reputation Management in Global 1000 Firms: A Benchmarking Study. Corporate Reputation Review, 1 (3): 205-212.
• Fombrun, C. J. ve Van Riel, C. B. M. (1997). The reputational landscape. Corporate Reputation Review, 1 (1/2): 6-13.
• Gardner, W. L. ve Martinko, M. J. (1988). Impression management in organizations. Journal of Management, 14: 321-338.
• Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.
• Gotsi, M. ve Wilson, A. M. (2001). Corporate reputation: Seeking a definition. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6 (1): 24-30.
• Gray, E. R. ve Balmer, J. M. T. (1998). Managing corporate image and corporate reputation. Long Range Planning, 31 (5): 695-702.
• Grosbis, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31: 896-905.
• Gürbüz, F. G. (2014). Corporate reputation as an indicator of corporate reputation. H. Sümer ve H. Pernsteiner (Ed.). İtibar Yönetimi içinde: 25-54. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: Global perspective. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.
• Harris, K. J., Kacmar, K. M., Zivnuska, S. ve Shaw, J. D. (2007). The impact of political skill on impression management effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 278-285.
• Hatch, M. J. ve Schultz, M. (1997). Relations between organizational culture, identity and image. European Journal of Marketing, 31 (5/6): 356-365.
• Higgins, C. A. ve Judge, T. A. (2004). The effect of applicant influence tactics on recruiter perceptions of fit and hiring recommendations: A field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89: 622-632.
• Internetlivestats, (2016). “Internet users”, http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/, (20.05.2016)
• Judge, T. A. ve Bretz, R. D. (1994). Political influence behavior and career success. Journal of Management, 20: 43-65.
• Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı (2016). “Türkiye'de internet kullanımı yüzde 1750 arttı”, http://sgb.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,15252/turkiyede-internet-kullanimi-yuzde-1750-artti.html, (20.05.2016)
• Leary, M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107: 34-47.
• Lievens, F. ve S. Highhouse (2003). The relation of instrumental and symbolic attributes to a company’s attractiveness as an employer. Personnel Psychology, 56: 75-102.
• Lillqvist, E. ve Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2014). Facing Facebook: Impression management strategies in company–consumer interactions. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 28 (1): 3-30.
• Merkl-Davies, D. M. ve Brennan, N. (2011). A conceptual framework of impression management: New insights from psychology, sociology, and critical perspectives. Accounting and Business Research, 41 (5): 415-437.
• Mohamed, A. A. ve Gardner, W. L. (2004). An exploratory study of interorganizational defamation: An organizational impressıon management perspective. Organizational Analysis, 12 (2): 129-145.
• Mohamed, A. A., Gardner, W. L. ve Paolillo, J. G. P. (1999). A taxonomy of organizational impression management tactics. Advances in Competitiveness Research, 7: 108-130.
• Park, S-Y. ve Levy, S. E. (2014). Corporate social responsibility: Perspectives of hotel frontline employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26 (3): 332-348.
• Rosenfeld, P., Giacalone, R .A. ve Riordan, C. A. (1995). Impression management in organizations. New York: Routhledge.
• Rosenfeld, P., Giacalone, R. A. ve Riordan, C. A. (2002). Impression management: Building and enhancing reputations at work. London: Thomson Learning.
• Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self concept, socialidentity, and ınterpersonal relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
• Schniederjans, D., Cao, E. S. ve Schniederjans, M. (2013). Enhancing financial performance with social media: An impression management perspective. Decision Support Systems, 55: 911-918.
• Spear, S. ve Roper, S. (2013). Using corporate stories to build the corporate brand: An impression management perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 22 (7): 491-501.
• Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Treadway, D. C., Ferris, G. R., Duke, A. B., Adams, G. L. ve Thatcher, J. B. (2007). The moderating role of subordinate political skill on supervisors’ impressions of subordinate ingratiation and ratings of subordinate interpersonal facilitation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 848-855.
• Tsai, H., Tsang, N. K. F. ve Chen, S. K. Y. (2012). Hotel employees’ perceptions on corporate social responsibility: The case of Hong Kong. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31: 1143-1154.
• Tsai, W. C., Chen, C. C. ve Chiu, S. F. (2005). Exploring boundaries of the effects of applicant impression management tactics in job ınterviews. Journal of Management, 31 (1): 108-125.
• Turban, D. B. ve Greening, D. W. (1996). Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to prospective employees. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (3): 658-672.
• Van Iddekinge, C. H., McFarland, L. A. ve Raymark, P. H. (2007). Antecedents of impression management use and effectiveness in a structured interview. Journal of Management, 33: 752-773.
• Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., Graf, I. K. ve Ferris, G. R. (1997). The role of upward influence tactics in human resource decisions. Personnel Psychology, 50: 979-1006.