THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: AN EVALUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DARFUR CRISIS AND LIBYA INTERVENTION

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 603 - 628, 08.04.2018

Orkun Sürücüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.412249

Cited By: 1

Öz

The international military interventions occurred in
the 1990s caused a tension between the idea of protecting human rights and the
principle of state sovereignty; and the legality of the interventions has
become controversial. The Commission (International Commission on Intervention
and State Sovereignty) that was established to form a normative consensus put
forward its views through the concept of “responsibility to protect” and these
views were upheld in the United Nations (UN) 2005 World Summit Outcome
Document. Particularly, after the military intervention in Libya in 2011, the
concept of the responsibility to protect has come to the fore again. The aim of
this study is to discuss whether the responsibility to protect has reached the
status of a legal norm. For this purpose, it will be examined why there was not
made a military intervention in Darfur but in Libya, and the deductions will be
made through this comparison. The study claims that the responsibility to
protect has not become a legal norm yet, but a moral one. The interests of
permanent members of the UN Security Council and the attitude of regional
organizations are the main factors in making a military intervention in
relevant cases. The case-based evaluations and absence of a mechanism that
would compel the states to a military intervention in necessary circumstances
seem to be the deficiencies in this context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Responsibility to Protect, Humanitarian Intervention, ICISS, Darfur, Libya

KORUMA SORUMLULUĞU: DARFUR KRİZİ VE LİBYA MÜDAHALESİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

1990’lı yıllarda
düzenlenen uluslararası askeri müdahaleler, insan haklarının korunması
düşüncesi ile devletin egemenliği ilkesi arasında gerilim oluşturmuş ve bu
müdahalelerin hukukiliği tartışmaya açılmıştır. Bu konuda normatif bir
konsensüs oluşturmak üzere kurulan komisyonun (International Commission on
Intervention and State Sovereignty) “koruma sorumluluğu” kavramıyla ortaya
koyduğu görüşler kimi değişikliklerle 2005 Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) Dünya
Zirvesi’nin Sonuç Bildirgesi’nde kendine yer bulmuştur. Özellikle 2011 yılında
Libya’ya yapılan askeri müdahaleden sonra uluslararası kamuoyunda koruma
sorumluluğu kavramı tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, koruma sorumluluğunun
hukuki bir norm statüsüne ulaşıp ulaşmadığını tartışmaktır. Bunun için
Darfur’da neden askeri müdahale yapılamayıp da Libya’da yapıldığı irdelenmekte
ve bu karşılaştırma üzerinden çıkarımlarda bulunulmaktadır. Çalışma, koruma
sorumluluğunun henüz hukuki bir norm olmadığı, ancak ahlaki bir norm olarak öne
çıktığını ileri sürmektedir. İlgili durumlarda askeri müdahalenin yapılmasında
BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin daimi üyelerinin çıkarları ve bölgesel örgütlerin tavrı
temel etken olmaktadır. Müdahale seçeneğinin olay bazlı değerlendirme sonucunda
gündeme gelmesi ve devletleri gerektiğinde müdahaleye zorlayacak bir mekanizma
bulunmaması da bu bağlamda önemli eksiklikler olarak göze çarpmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koruma Sorumluluğu, İnsani Müdahale, ICISS, Darfur, Libya

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