COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION DURING BARACK OBAMA ERA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 303 - 336, 26.03.2020

Şener Çelik

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.409510

Öz

Radicalism and violent extemism have begun to be perceived in the U.S. as the most serious threat for the national security after 9/11 terrorist attacks. Barack Obama Administration has launched a comprehensive program in order to prevent individuals who have connections with and sympathy for the Islamic terrorist organizations from resorting to violence and to hinder them in encouraging others for extremism. The program which has been scheduled and executed under the social movement theory and refered as the Countering Violent Extremism was severely criticised by the Muslim communities and civil society organizations on the grounds that it created discrimination in society. The purpose of this article is to find out to what extent have these programs achieved their goals. The basic assertion of this article is, contrary to the government’s arguments, the programs have failed due to their lack of clear definition, defect of sustainability and measurability and decentralised structure. Focused on Barack Obama Administration’s term, the article was written through collecting and analysing the official documents and secondary texts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Movement Theory, Radicalization, Violent Extremism, Islamic Extremism, Countering Violent Extremism, Barack Obama Administration

BARACK OBAMA DÖNEMİNDE RADİKALLEŞME VE ŞİDDET İÇEREN AŞIRILIKLA MÜCADELE

Öz

Radikalleşme ve şiddet içeren aşırılık, ABD’de 11 Eylül saldırılarından sonra ulusal güvenliğe yönelik en ciddi tehdit olarak algılanmaya başlanmıştır. Militan Selefi terörizmle bağlantılı olan veya bu örgütlere ideolojik bir yakınlık duyan bireylerin şiddete başvurmalarını ve çevrelerindekileri aşırılığa teşvik etmelerini önlemek için Barack Obama Yönetimi kapsamlı bir çalışma başlatmıştır. Sosyal hareket kuramına dayanan ve Şiddet İçeren Aşırılığı Önleme (Countering Violent Extremism) adı altında hayata geçirilen bu strateji, toplumda ayrımcılık yarattığı gerekçesiyle Müslüman topluluklar ve sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından ciddi eleştirilere uğramıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, söz konusu programların ne derecede başarılı olduğunu bulmaktır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı, resmi iddiaların aksine, bu programların net bir tanımının yapılamaması, sürdürülebilir ve ölçülebilir olmamaları ve merkezi olmayan yapıları nedeniyle başarısız olduğudur. Barack Obama Yönetimi dönemine odaklanan araşırma, devlet belgelerinin ve ikincil kaynakların toplanması ve incelenmesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Hareket Kuramı, Radikalleşme, Şiddet İçeren Aşırılık, İslami Aşırılık, Şiddet İçeren Aşırılığın Önlenmesi, Barack Obama Yönetimi

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